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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. V, April, 1951 
specimens of the same age (before killing). 
Much variation in coloration does occur, but 
it appears to be very closely associated with 
the tenerality of the specimen. 
The nomenclature used for the wing vena- 
tion is that of Comstock-Needham (Com- 
stock, 1918) as emended by Tillyard (1919) 
and Alexander (1927; 1929). I have used this 
terminology in other papers on the Tephriti- 
dae and various other families of Diptera. 
Following this system, vein R2 is considered 
as being fused with Ri; vein R3 is considered a 
simple vein; R4 and R5 are fused; Mi and M2 
are fused as are M3 and M4; the large cross- 
vein is the m; the portion which was formerly 
called the base of Cui is now considered to be 
the m-cu crossvein; the anal cell of other 
writers is considered to be the cubital cell, 
and the vein extending from the apex of this 
cell is Cui+lst A, not Cu2+2d A. In the de- 
scriptions the length of the narrowed portion 
of the cubital cell is compared to the length 
of the free portion of Cui+lst A. This refers 
to that portion of the wing from the apex of 
cell Cu to the margin. Often the vein itself 
will evanesce or become very faint and in 
some species may not reach the wing margin. 
The female ovipositors have been found to 
be of great taxonomic importance. By com- 
paring the size, shape, and structural details, 
the distinguishing of species is greatly facili- 
tated. To study these structures it is necessary 
that they be mounted on microscope slides 
and examined at magnifications of 150 times 
or more. The basal segment of the ovipositor 
(the oviscape of Munro, 1947) is usually the 
most conspicuous portion of the ovipositor 
in unmounted specimens. It is the seventh 
abdominal segment and bears a pair of 
spiracles. The position of these spiracles ap- 
pears to be of taxonomic importance in some 
species. The distance of the spiracles from the 
base of the segment is measured to the pos- 
terior lateral margins, not to the base of the 
convex margin of the venter. The inversion 
membrane is the membranous middle seg- 
ment of the ovipositor which bears the rasper. 
This is considered to be the modified eighth 
abdominal segment. The arrangement of the 
scales or stout setae on this segment is of 
taxonomic importance, especially the com- 
parative approximation of the scales of the 
rasper to the base of the segment. The piercer 
is the apical segment of the ovipositor and is 
called the aculeus by some writers. It is 
distinctive in shape and is most useful in dis- 
tinguishing species. The breadth of the seg- 
ments which make up the ovipositor is meas- 
ured at the widest points. The measurements 
of the bodies given in the descriptions do not 
include the ovipositor or the antennae. 
All of the rearings are from the fruits of the 
various indicated hosts. The wording ''ex such 
and such host” should be interpreted to mean 
the fruit of that host. Except for a few speci- 
mens which Mr. Krauss obtained from C. P. 
Hely, all the material covered in this report 
was collected by N. L. H. Krauss. 
Acknowledgments: I am greatly indebted to 
Mr. Krauss for his wholehearted interest and 
cooperation in making such a thorough sur- 
vey of the Australian Dacini. He is a most 
capable and energetic collector, and his efforts 
have given us a wealth of valuable information 
on the Australian fruit flies. I am also grateful 
to Mr. Alan May, Department of Agriculture 
and Stock, Toowoomba, Queensland, for 
supplying information on, and representa- 
tives of, the Queensland species described by 
Perkins and May, and to Mr. Jos. E. Collin, 
Newmarket, England, for providing informa- 
tion on Macquart’s type of Urophora bicolor. 
The drawings have been prepared by Miss 
Marian Adachi, University of Hawaii, and the 
preparatory work on this collection and a 
large share of the bibliographical details of 
this study were very efficiently handled by 
Betty Lou Defibaugh, United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology 
and Plant Quarantine, Honolulu. Their able 
assistance is much appreciated, for their ef- 
forts have added greatly to the completeness 
of this paper. 
