Sponges of Hawaii — De Laubenfels 
257 
Some collecting was possible by wading, 
especially by turning over stones. No dredg- 
ing was used in the present study. 
Because of the scarcity of suitable environ- 
ment, the number of species of shallow- water 
sponges around the island of Hawaii is only 
moderate. Twenty-eight kinds are recorded, 
of which nine are here described as new. Four 
of the others are peculiar to the Hawaiian 
Islands and thus only about half of the species 
are represented elsewhere. 
The sponges of Kaneohe Bay, island of 
Oahu, in the central portion of the Hawaiian 
Islands, have recently been described (de 
Laubenfels, 1950: 3-36). The species which 
are there described are not here redescribed, but 
the page reference is given. All others are de- 
scribed because of the possibility that later 
studies may lead to the conclusion that some 
are new species, although here identified with 
previously described names. Many early de- 
scriptions are seriously incomplete, so that 
identification with them must be tentative. A 
key to genera is also included, as follows: 
KEY TO GENERA 
1. No proper spicules present 2 
Proper spicules present 3 
2. Spongin network present Spongia 
Spongin network absent Chondrosia 
3. Spicules of silica present. 4 
Spicules of calcium carbonate present 27 
4. Spicules only monaxon 5 
Triaxons or tetraxons also present. . . 23 
5. No microscleres present 6 
Microscleres present. 12 
6. Spicules are tylostyles Terpios 
Spicules are not tylostyles . 7 
7. Spicules are of several sorts . . . .Rhaphisia 
Spicules are all simple oxeas . 8 
8. Extensive subdermal spaces present. . 
. Halichondria 
Extensive subdermal spaces absent. . . 9 
9. Spicules conspicuously protrude from 
the surface Phycopsis 
Spicules do not conspicuously pro- 
trude from the surface. 10 
10. Dermal network present, with meshes 
much finer than those of the interior 
Callyspongta 
No such dermal network present. ... 11 
11. Sponge in the form of definite tubes 
Reniera 
Sponge not tubular Halklona 
12. Microscleres are spirasters. . . . SpirastrelJa 
Microscleres not spirasters. ......... 13 
13. Microscleres include spherasters. . .Tethya 
Microscleres do not include spheras- 
ters 14 
14. Microscleres only smooth microxeas 
Petrosia 
Other microscleres present. 15 
15. Microscleres only roughened raphides 
'...... Tedamia 
Other microscleres present. ......... 16 
16. Microscleres only toxas Toxadocia 
Other microscleres present. 17 
17. Microscleres only amphidiscs 
Hiattrochota 
Other microscleres present. 18 
18. Megascleres include acanthostyles . . . 
Microciona 
Acanthostyles absent 19 
19. Megascleres only sttongyl^s .Xytopsiphum 
Other megascleres present 20 
20. Megascleres tylotes and oxeas . Damiriana 
Megascleres monactinal 21 
21. Microscleres do not include aniso- 
chelas Axocielita 
Microscleres do include anisochelas . . 22 
c 
22. Microscleres include toxas. Carmia 
Microscleres do not include toxas . . . 
Mycale 
23. Sterrasters present .Geodia 
Sterrasters absent 24 
24. Aspidasters present. Erylus 
Aspidasters absent 25 
25. Microscleres only euasters Myriastra 
No astrose spicules present 26 
26. Monoloph spicules present Plakina 
Monoloph spicules absent Plakortis 
27. Numerous oxeas present Leuconia 
Oxeas rare or absent Leucetta. 
