270 
It should be observed that, of any of the 
places studied on the larger island, the 
sponge fauna of the Kona Coast of Hawaii 
is the most like that of the island of Oahu. 
Seven species were found, of which five have 
already been reported from Oahu, and I 
strongly suspect that the two additional 
species also occur on Oahu. The species are: 
Spongia Oceania: also Oahu and Halape. 
Hiattrochota proteus: also Oahu and Ka- 
alualu. 
Damiriana hawaiiana: also Oahu. 
Spirastrella keaukaha: also Keaukaha and 
Kaalualu. 
Tethya diploderma: also Oahu, Kaalualu, 
Halape; circumequatorial. 
Terpios zeteki: also Oahu, Kaalualu, and 
Panama. 
Plakina monolopha: also Mediterranean, 
Japan, etc. 
As already noted, R. W. Hiatt made a most 
interesting ecological study in August, 1945, 
at Halape. This is somewhat farther north 
and east than Kaalualu. The study was made 
along a stretch of coast so nearly inaccessible 
that it was probably in a natural state and not 
disturbed by human meddling. The region 
may be analyzed into three subdivisions as 
follows : 
1. The shore of the large island. There were 
steep cliffs of lava, boulders at the water’s 
edge, one small patch of sand, and some 
tide pools. 
2. A shallow, protected area inside the lee 
of a small island. The depth was about 4 
meters, with scattered coral heads. A 
current of about 2 to 3 kilometers per 
hour set through this area, running paral- 
lel to the coast. 
3. A small island called Keaoi— a sort of 
pahoehoe blister with some tide pools. 
The outer edge of this island was pounded 
by surf. 
Sponges were recorded as follows: 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. V, July, 1951 
1. Under rocks, just below tidemark 
Halichondria permollis: world-wide. 
Reniera aquaeducta: world-wide. 
Petrosia puna: new, rare. 
Tethya diploderma: world-wide, com- 
mon. 
Geodia gihherella: new, uncommon. 
2. Collected by diving 
Spongia Oceania: local, common. 
Tedania ignis: wide distribution, com- 
mon. 
Tethya diploderma: world-wide, com- 
mon. 
Geodia gihherella: local, not common. 
3. In various locations on Keaoi islet 
Spongia Oceania: local. This was found 
on a shelf in a cove, also deep on the 
exposed outer edge. 
Damiriana hawaiiana: local, rare. 
Tedania ignis: wide distribution, abun- 
dant in a variety of locations. 
Myriastra dehilis: also East Indies. This 
occurred where it received the full 
force of the surf. On the mainland I 
have found species of Myriastra 
similarly placed. 
Chondrosia chucalla: also Australian. 
This was common in some tide pools 
on the islet. 
Leuconia kaiana: new. This was com- 
mon, in deep water on the exposed 
outer edge. 
Leucetta solida: world-wide. This genus 
often occurs in these exposed situa- 
tions. 
REFERENCES 
Bowerbank, J. S. 1866. A monograph of the 
British Spongiadae. 2: 1-388. Ray Society,, 
London. 
Burton, M. 1930. Norwegian sponges from 
the Norman collection. Zool. Soc. London, 
Proc. 2: 487-546. 
DE Laubenfels, M. W. 1936. A discussion of 
the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in par- 
ticular, and the West Indies in general, with 
material for a revision of the families and 
