Kona Earthquake — MACDONALD AND Wentworth 
277 
one end set into niches in the wall of the 
main building. During the earthquake there 
was enough differential movement of the two 
portions of the building to pull the beams 
out of their supporting niches and allow the 
roof of the addition to drop a few inches. 
At the front of the church is a tower covered 
with exterior plaster. The tower and main 
church building are essentially separate struc- 
tures and appear to have moved independent- 
ly during the earthquake. The plaster of the 
tower was badly cracked. 
St. Paul’s Church at Honalo, 1.9 miles 
north of Kealakekua, suffered severe cracking 
of the masonry in both the main building 
and the rectory. Kahikolu Church, at Na- 
poopoo, suffered surprisingly little damage. 
The lintels and interior plaster showed some 
cracking, but the masonry was unharmed. 
The Protestant church at Hookena Beach 
was badly damaged. The building consisted 
of masonry walls and a sheet-iron roof, sup- 
ported on heavy handhewn beams which in 
turn were supported by east- west beams rest- 
ing in niches on the upper edge of the front 
and back walls. During the earthquake nearly 
the whole front (west) wall was thrown out, 
some debris being as much as 25 feet from 
Fig. 6. West end of Pukaana Church at Hookena 
Beach showing complete demolition of masonry wall 
of this 100-year-old structure. Much of the debris was 
cleared away soon after the earthquake. No nearly 
comparable damage to this building is known to have 
taken place during the century since it was built. 
Fig. 7. Catholic Church 0.6 mile north of Hookena 
Beach, from the northwest. The east end of this church 
was similarly thrown down and outward, to the east. 
The near corner and the corresponding corner of the 
small building, already without a roof, suggest dis- 
placement most markedly to the northwest, in the 
general direction of the epicenter. 
the building (Fig. 6). The other walls were 
not appreciably damaged, even the interior 
plaster being almost uncracked. It appears 
possible that during the quake the roof may 
have tended to move as a separate unit from 
the rest of the structure and, by its tendency 
to lag behind during the initial violent east- 
ward movement of the ground, may have 
pushed out the front wall. 
Similarly, a small stone building nearby, 
which had long been without a roof as is 
shown by trees growing within the walls, had 
both its end walls thrown outward, to west 
and east, while the side walls remain standing 
though somewhat cracked. 
The Catholic church 0.6 mile north of 
Hookena Beach was very heavily damaged. 
The upper portions of both the east and west 
walls were thrown down (Fig. 7), and the 
interior plaster on all walls was badly cracked. 
However, the walls were built merely of loose 
stones laid together without mortar between 
them except close to the faces, where the 
interior and exterior plaster had penetrated 
a short distance. Considering the type of 
