2 I 
Function of the Septal Glands in Kniphofia . 
Stage in the develop- 
ment of the flower. 
A. Young Bud. 
B. Older Bud. 
C. Flower open, 
anthers closed. 
D. Some or all the 
anthers open. 
E. Flower be- 
ginning to 
wither. 
TYPICAL APPEARANCE OF— 
Epidermal cells. 
Sub-epidermal cells. 
External wall exhibits plane sur- 
face — no mucilaginous degenera- 
tion. 
Nucleus central in position. 
Starch-grains few and small. 
External wall slightly convex- 
mucilaginous degeneration be- 
ginning. 
Nucleus central. 
Protoplasm at first vacuolated, later 
becomingmoregranular. Starch- 
grains larger and more nu- 
merous. 
External wall convex, — mucila- 
ginous degeneration considerable. 
Nucleus central. 
Starch abundant at first, disap- 
pearing gradually later. 
Cell-contents very granular. 
Mesh- work rare. 
External wall as in C. — mucila- 
ginous degeneration about at its 
maximum. 
Nucleus central. 
Meshwork almost universal. 
Starch generally wanting. 
External wall as in D. 
Nucleus parietal. 
Meshwork disappeared — replaced 
by large central vacuole. 
Starch wanting. 
Nucleus and cell-contents 
as in epidermal cells. 
Nucleus central or parie- 
tal. 
Cell-contents as in epi- 
dermal cells. 
Nucleus generally pa- 
rietal. 
Starch as in epidermal 
cells. 
Cell-contents rather more 
granular than in B. 
Nucleus generally pa- 
rietal. 
Meshwork fairly general. 
Starch-grains few. 
Nucleus parietal. 
Meshwork still general. 
Starch generally wanting. 
As the flower withers still 
more the meshwork 
disappears as in the epi- 
dermal cells. 
It now remains to consider the significance of these struc- 
tural changes, and their relation to the process of secretion. 
Already in the bud there is indication of considerable activity 
on the part of the gland-cells, for there occurs in them a 
continued formation and accumulation of starch (forming a 
