334 Scott Elliot . — On the Fertilisation of South 
The literature of this part of botany is so well recorded in 
Muller’s c Fertilisation of Plants,’ edited by D’Arcy Thompson 
(London, 1883), and in the further list given by Professor 
Macleod in the ‘ Botanisch Jaarboek,’ Tweede Jaargang, 1890, 
Gent (Vuylsteke), that I have in the text simply quoted their 
numbers for the different papers consulted. I have ventured 
to do this as these two books should certainly be in the hands 
of any one who is studying this branch of botany ; both are 
so full and complete that their assistance is invaluable. 
Anemone eapensis, L. 
Visited abundantly by the hive bee c.p., and also by 
numerous small Dipfera. — Cape Town. 
Cariea Papaya, L. (Figs. 1, 2.) 
The flowers have been described by Muller (Macleod, 
No. 421). They are remarkable for the extraordinary 
difference between the male and female. In the male there is 
a long thin corolla tube with the anthers arranged round the 
entrance, while an abundance of honey is secreted by the 
rudimentary ovary. The female flower, on the other hand, 
has perfectly free petals, and is much larger and of quite 
a different shape (see Fig. 1). 
I saw a sugar bird ( Nectarinia souimangd) carefully suck- 
ing the male flowers. These are also scented at night and are 
then much frequented by a hawk-moth (No. 464), which 
I thought also visited the female flowers. — Fort Dauphin. 
Byrnphaea stellata, Willd. 
The bright blue flowers are busily visited by bees. While 
the stamens are dehiscing, no pollen can be shed upon 
the stigma as the younger stamens are bent forward over 
them ; afterwards, however, as the anthers ripen, they turn 
outwards exposing the stigmata. Mr. Watson has already 
pointed this out for Nymphaea (Macleod, No. 581). The 
opinion of Schultz that self-fertilisation is unavoidable and 
the only method (Macleod, No. 51 6 a) is therefore without any 
foundation particularly as Williams has shown that in the 
closely related Victoria regia only 60 seeds were produced 
