African and Madagascar Flowering Plants. 369 
(that is past the insertion of the stamens). Each of the ridges 
bears three longitudinal rows of yellow clavate hairs. This 
arrangement is very complicated at first sight, but is really 
a simple and beautiful adaptation to cross-fertilisation. When 
an insect is inserting its proboscis, the curve in the latter will 
cause it to travel along these canals and quite out of the way 
of the stamens : moreover the hairs on the internal ridges, 
r, will also prevent any of the plant’s own pollen being 
shaken down the tube. On withdrawing the proboscis, how- 
ever, it will slip downwards (while straightening) amongst the 
hairs and stamens and cannot fail to be covered with pollen. 
The anthers of the two pairs of stamens have the same dif- 
ference in shape which occurs in Zaluzianskya (see above). 
A long watch did not enable me to find any insects on this 
plant. Manidea rubra , L. seems identical with the above 
species. 
Ilysanthes eapensis, Bth. (Figs. 1 06-1 08.) 
The corolla is much like that of Mimulus but the arrange- 
ment of the stamens is very peculiar. The two upper are 
erect and arch together so as to dehisce downwards on the 
back of an insect entering the flower, while the two lower have 
longer perfectly horizontal and straight filaments lying flat 
on the lower surface of the corolla. These latter are scabrous 
and have an appendage or seta usually pointing backwards 
at an angle of 45 0 to the filament, and which affords apparently 
a foothold for insects while entering. The flat triangular 
stigma lies above the upper anthers. Self-fertilisation is how- 
ever possible. 
The capsules when ripe become bent downwards at 
an angle of 45 0 to the stem. This appears to be due to 
growth taking place at the inner (stem) side of the base of 
the pedicel, where a small tubercle is formed. If * however , 
ripe capsules are not produced no growth takes place (cf. Hemi- 
meris sabidosa). 
Utricularia spartioides, E . Mey. 
The lower lip of the corolla forms an enormous spur with 
