African and Madagascar Flowering Plants. 371 
Asystasia gangetica, T. And. 
The corolla is rather like that of Digitalis but much 
smaller and somewhat contracted at the base so as to form 
a sort of honey-pouch. There is marked protandry : in the 
first stage the stamens are arranged in pairs close to the upper 
lip of the corolla, and dehisce downwards while the immature 
style lies behind and above them ; in the second stage first the 
two anterior stamens and then after an interval the two posterior 
bend sideways while the end of the style curves downwards 
and the stigmatic lips are open and ready for the pollen 
(cf. Stachys , see below). Visitors : — Hymenoptera : 8 spp. (Nos. 
388-395). Lepidoptera : 1 sp. (384). Coleoptera : 1 sp. (378). 
— Durban. 
Rhinacanthus oblongus, Nees. 
This is markedly protandrous. The style in the second 
stage bends forward between the anthers and in so doing 
may effect self-fertilisation if all the pollen has not been 
removed by insects (cf. Delpino, Muller, No. 177). Visitors : — 
Lepidoptera. — East London. 
Braehystephanus cuspidatus, Scott Elliot (Fig. 112). 
The flowers are mauve in colour and there is marked 
protandry ; the final condition being that shown in the figure. 
Visitors : — Nectarinia souimanga not uncommon ! Lepidoptera : 
at least seven species including two species of Papilio . 
Hymenoptera : Apis mellifica , Icaria Rhodorae, and another, 
all stealing honey from holes bitten at the base of the flower. 
Oftia africana, Bocq . (Fig. 113.) 
The flowers are small and white and are strongly scented. 
There is a short and curved corolla-tube with a small spread- 
ing limb. The style is included and the stigma faces the 
upper side of the corolla-tube just behind the anthers, and yet, 
in spite of its apparent certainty, self-fertilisation is probably 
quite impossible ; first, because the curve of the corolla-tube 
is such that the anthers are not above the stigma but in front of 
it , and pollen cannot therefore naturally fall upon it : secondly, 
because the inside of the tube is largely covered by hairs, all 
