African and Madagascar Flowering Plants. 385 
Ixia graminifolia (Fig. 148). 
There are only two or three flowers at the extremity of 
the long pendulous stalk. The perianth has a very narrow 
tube, 2-3 lines long, ending in a campanulate limb about half 
an inch in diameter. The filaments are only one line long, and 
the subulate style-branches project between the anthers and 
rest upon the perianth-segments. 
Ixia excisa, Thunb . (Fig. 149.) 
In this species the perianth-tube is 7 lines long. The 
style is well above the stamens, and as the perianth-limb is only 
about 3 lines in diameter, insects probably alight on the 
style and not on the perianth as in the preceding species. I 
found one Dipterous insect acting in this way. I have, how- 
ever, found the flowers fully expanded so as to be nearly 8 
lines in diameter, and in such a case, the fertilisation is pro- 
bably the same as in the preceding. 
Ixia columellaris, Ker. 
The perianth-tube is long (5 lines), and rather slender; 
the limb is campanulate or almost stellate and measures 13-14 
lines across. The style-branches appear between and about 
half-way up the anthers. The filaments are fairly long and 
united both to one another and the perianth, so that entrance 
to the honey in the tube can only be obtained by passing the 
proboscis between the anthers and inside the tube formed by 
the filaments. 
G-eissorhiza seeunda, GawL (Fig. 150*) 
The perianth-tube is extremely short. There is also a 
distinct tendency to zygomorphy ; thus the anterior external 
perianth-segment is distinctly longer than the other two and 
the two anterior-lateral inner perianth-segments are broader 
than the others. The style moreover is longer than the anthers 
and bent upwards, lying above them as in Gladiolus . The 
anthers, however, dehisce extrorsely, and are quite regular. 
Visitors : — Apis mellifica , Halictus , sp., and another (No. 194), 
also Bombylius lateralis . — Wynberg. 
