392 
Bower.— On mer is terns of Ferns. 
Todea barbara. 
Fig. 59. Surface view of the margin of a pinnule : the arrow points to the apex 
of the pinnule. ( x 325.) 
Fig. 60. Young wing as seen in transverse section ( x 325). 
Todea superba, Figs. 61-67 ( x 325). 
Figs. 61, 63, 65. Young wings as seen in the transverse sections of very young 
pinnules. 
Figs. 62, 64, 66, 67. Wings as seen in transverse sections of pinnules, and show- 
ing the variability of segmentation. 
Todea hymenophylloides , Figs. 68-69. 
Figs. 68, 69. Young wings as seen in transverse sections of the pinnules ( x 325). 
Angiopteris evecta , Figs. 70-73 ( X325). 
Fig. 70. Transverse section of a very young pinnule, showing the first origin of 
a wing at *. 
Figs. 71, 72, 73. Older wings as seen in transverse section, and illustrating their 
mode of segmentation, and the absence of definite marginal cells. 
SPORANGIA. 
Osmunda regalis, Figs. 74-82. 
Fig. 74. First origin of a sporangium as seen in a transverse section of a young 
pinnule ( X550). 
Fig- 75* Three sporangia rather more advanced ( X325). 
Figs. 76-82. A series of sporangia cut in longitudinal section, illustrating the 
development, and also those irregularities of segmentation, which are commonly 
found. The most frequent type is that shown in Fig. 77 ( x 325). 
Todea barbara , Figs. 83-87. 
Fig. 83. Early stages of development of two sporangia as seen in transverse 
section of a pinnule ( x 550). 
Figs. 84, 85. Young sporangia as seen in surface view ( x 550). 
Figs. 86, 87. Sporangia in longitudinal section, showing different modes of 
segmentation. Fig. 86 is the commoner type ( x 550). 
Fig. 88, a-g. A series of diagrammatic figures, constructed from drawings of the 
sporangia of different members of the Filicineous series. 
a. Sporangium of the Polypodiaceae (compare Reess, Pringsh. Jahrb. Tom. V, 
Taf. XXI, XXII). 
b. Sporangium of the Hymenophyllaceae (compare Prantl, Hymenophyllaceae, 
Taf. VI, Figs. 100 c, 104). 
c. Sporangium of Schizaeaceae (compare Prantl, Schizaeaceae, Taf. VI, Fig. 91). 
d. Sporangium of Osmundaceae-'. diagram constructed from comparison of a 
number of specimens (compare Fig. 87 of Todea, and Fig. 75 of Osmunda). 
e. Sporangium of Todea barbara , in which the archesporium has a square base 
(compare Figs. 83, 86). 
fandg. Sporangia of Angiopteris (compare Goebel, Bot. Zeit. 1877, Taf. VI, 
Figs- 3, 4)- 
