397 
Physiology of Pulpy Fruits . 
flower, although, owing to abortion, some of them may remain 
as arrested forms, the place of these being filled up by the 
more fortunate survivors. In fact, the whole bud develops in 
essentially the same way as Goebel 1 has described for the 
epigynous flowers which he investigated. But from the very 
first, the tissue of the carpels is clearly marked off from the 
peripheral cells which owe their presence to the activity of 
the meristem just referred to, in that in these structures the 
cell-divisions occur irregularly and without any definite order, 
except in the few layers destined to form the parchment- like 
endocarp. 
But though cell- division is comparatively irregular in the 
carpels, it is far otherwise in the four or five peripheral cell- 
layers which surround them, and which form the cup-like 
band from which the other floral structures arise. Here the 
succession of cell-divisions proceeds with great regularity, 
and chiefly in a direction transverse to the axis of growth, 
though radial divisions also occur with considerable frequency. 
So regularly are the transverse divisions formed, that in radial 
longitudinal sections the cells for a considerable distance can 
be referred to the original mother- cell (see PI. XXV, Fig. 3), 
and form members of a filament somewhat resembling a con- 
fervoid alga. Transverse sections show that these filaments 
are arranged in a very orderly manner as concentric circles, 
each one cell in thickness (PL XXV, Figs. 4, 5). But in spite 
of the general regularity which the longitudinal and transverse 
arrangements of the cells exhibit, cases occur by no means 
unfrequently in which cells, or rather cell-filaments (if the 
expression may be permitted), do not all divide and grow at 
the same pace as their neighbours. Sometimes this results in 
a filament ceasing to elongate, while those in connection with 
it are still increasing in length, and then the lateral cohesion 
of the chains of cells with each other is sufficient at times 
to drag apart the cells of the row which has ceased to 
divide, and when this takes place the transverse line of 
Goebel, Zur Entwick. d. Frunterstand. uchtknoten, in Bot. Zeit. 1886. 
