402 Farmer . — On the Morphology and 
contorted and convoluted ribands of one or more cells in 
thickness, which anastomose freely with each other, while 
their free ends project into the meshes of the rude mesh- 
work of intercellular spaces, of which they themselves form 
the boundaries. 
The cell-rows which together constitute the rind remain 
united chiefly by their radial walls, and separation, when it 
occurs, is mainly restricted to the tangential walls. In the 
latter may be seen indications of the same process which I 
have described for Crataegus , and also for those cell-rows of 
the rind which are separating, as seen in longitudinal sections 
of flowers and young fruits. A well-developed middle lamella 
is commonly traceable before the commencement of the 
changes which ultimately result in the separation of the cell- 
rows (PI. XXV, Fig. io). 
After the flower has withered, rapid multiplication of cells 
takes places in the vicinity of the ovaries whose ovules have 
been fertilized, and this is especially noticeable in the lax tissue 
of the carpels ; any one cell may elongate in almost any 
direction, and then by division give rise to the rudiment of a 
fresh riband of cells, which grows in the meshes formed by the 
older cells. Sometimes single cells divide into four daughter- 
cells, each of which becomes a new centre of cell-formation, 
and indeed the whole process reminds one somewhat of the 
budding of yeast. Beautiful karyokinetic figures are seen 
during the process, showing the activity with which division is 
proceeding, and in this way the interior of the fruit again 
becomes more firm as the large production of fresh tissue 
takes place. 
I have said nothing hitherto of the formation of the endo- 
carp in this fruit. It is due to the three or four layers of cells 
which line the ovarian cavities, but it is very slightly developed, 
and it is perhaps best left for consideration in connection with 
other forms in which a greater degree of completeness is 
reached. 
If the young fruits gathered about the end of January 
be examined, the cell-walls which bound the intercellular 
