36 Mas see. — A monograph of 
present forthcoming, hence there is the danger of confounding 
analogous with homologous structures. Coins hirundinosus , 
one of th ePhalloideae described in detail byTulasne 1 , appears 
to approach Calostoma most nearly in structure. This species 
when young is enclosed in a universal volva which is ruptured 
by continued growth of the receptaculum. This receptaculum 
is certainly analogous, if nothing more, to the endoperidium in 
Calostoma , surrounding the gleba, which at maturity contracts 
and remains suspended from the apex. The receptaculum, 
which is at first sessile, is not furnished with a mouth at the 
apex, but its lateral wall has several long slits, and the apical 
portion is also perforated, thus furnishing an efficient arrange- 
ment for spore dissemination by rain or insects. In the allied 
genera Clathrns and Ileodictyon the receptaculum at maturity 
resembles a sphere composed of large irregular meshes sur- 
rounding the gleba, its obvious function being that of placing 
the latter in the most favourable position for the diffusion of 
the spores, in which it agrees with the endoperidium in 
Calostoma , although in the latter this is effected in a different 
manner, as already described, 
III. Distribution. 
Although the species are, with two exceptions, restricted 
to narrow areas, the genus is widely distributed, extending 
from Massachusetts (43 0 N. lat.) to the south of Tasmania 
(42 0 S. lat.), and from New Granada (74 0 W. long.) to Tasmania 
(174 0 E. long.), with a vertical range from near the sea-level to 
9000 feet in the Sikkim Himalayas. 
The species are divided into two natural groups charac- 
terised by the form of the spores. An eastern group, including 
six species with globose spores, of which C. Junghuhni may 
be considered the type, are distributed as follows : — C. Jitng - 
huhni» Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, Sikkim Himalayas (8000 feet) ; 
C. Berkeleyi , Ceylon, south of the island ; C. orirubra , Larut, 
Perak, Malay Peninsula ; C. viridis , Tonglo and Sinchal, 
1 Scient. Expl. d’Algerie, Fungi, p. 435, t. 23, figs. 9-22. 
