the genus Calostoma , Desv. 37 
Sikkim Himalayas (7000-9000 feet) ; C. insignis , Ceylon ; C. 
brachystelis , Borneo and Ceylon. 
The western group includes four species with elliptical 
spores, of which C. cinnabarinum is the type ; distributed as 
follows: — C. cinnabarinum , east side of the United States, 
from Massachusetts to Carolina, New Granada , C. Ravenalii, 
Mountains of South Carolina ; C. fusca , Tasmania and S, 
Australia ; C. lurida , Australia (Swan River). 
The close relationship of the Australian and Tasmanian 
with the American species has its parallel in the genus Ileo- 
dictyon , including two species not uncommon in South Australia 
and Tasmania, one of which, I. cibarius , has been received by 
Berkeley from Chili, and I have collected the same species in 
Ecuador at about 6000 feet elevation. 
IV. Classification. 
Calostoma, Desv. 
Exoperidium continuous, eventually irregularly ruptured. 
Endoperidium furnished with an apical toothed ostiolum. 
Spore-sac when young filling the endoperidium, afterwards 
contracting towards the apex and remaining attached to the 
teeth of the ostiolum. Stem composed of agglutinated cord- 
like strands, forming irregular reticulations or lacunae. 
Calostoma , Desvaux, Journ. de Bot., vol. ii. (1809), p. 94. 
Mitremyces , Nees, Pilze und Schwamme (1817), p. 136. 
Gyropodium , Hitchcock, in Silliman's Amer. Journ. Sc., 
vol. ix. (1825), p. 56. 
Scleroderma, Pers. in Desv. Journ. de Bot., vol. ii. (1809), p. 15. 
Lycoperdon , Bose, in Berl. Mag., vol. v. p. 87. 
The absence of information respecting the universal volva in 
other species than C. lutescens forbids it forming part of the 
generic diagnosis ; nevertheless, judging from the monotypic 
structure of all known species in the mature condition, it may 
reasonably be assumed as common to all. 
The remarkable diversity of appearance presented by C. cinna- 
barinum, Desv. ( Mitremyces lutescens , Schw.) during different 
