and Affinities of Trapella . 
hi 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATES V, VI, 
VII, VIII, and IX 
Illustrating Mr. F. W. Oliver’s Paper on the Structure, Development, and Affinities 
of Trapella, Oliv ., a new Genus of Pedalineae. 
Fig. i. General view of the plant, showing both floating and submerged parts. 
In several of the leaf-axils are fully developed fruits, and one flower (to the right) 
from which the corolla has fallen away. To the left is a submerged axillary shoot, 
bearing a young cleistogamic fruit. Nat. size. 
Fig. 2. Shows two nodes of a submerged stem, with adventitious roots arising 
from them. To the right are two roots arising from the internode. Nat. size. 
Figs. 3 and 4. Side and front views of a flower, a.p., anterior petal ; l.p., 
lateral petals; p.p., posterior petals. 2/1. 
Fig. 5. The corolla laid open, a.p., etc., as in Figs. 3 and 4; sd., staminodes; 
sm., stamens. 2/1. 
Fig. 6 a and b. Front and back views of a stamen. A-B , plane of section 
given in Fig. 23. 5/1. 
Fig. 7 a and b. Front and back views of a staminode. 5/1. 
Fig. 8. Front view of calyx, style and young spines after falling away of 
corolla. 2/1. 
Fig. 9. The stigma from posterior face. 5/1. 
Figs. 10 and 11. Front and back views, respectively, of ovary, whilst corolla is 
still in situ, showing relations of calyx-lobes to the young ovarian spines, a. s ., 
anterior spine ; l.s., lateral spines ; p. s., posterior spines. 3/1. 
Figs. 12, 13, and 14. Young, medium, and adult fruits respectively. The calyx- 
lobes have closed over the ovary, a. s. } anterior spine ; /. s., lateral spines ; p. ss., 
posterior spines. Slightly enlarged. 
Fig. 15. Section of a flower, showing insertion of calyx-lobes, corolla, ovules, 
etc. a.s., rudiment of anterior spine ; cal., calyx-limb ; cor., corolla; loc., functional 
loculus of ovary ; ov. x , upper sessile ovule ; ov. 2 , lower stalked ovule ; red. L, 
rudimentary loculus ; si., style. 2/1. 
Fig. 16. Longitudinal section of a young bud, made in the antero-posterior 
plane. The insertion of the upper ovule only is given, that of the lower not being 
in the plane of section. The calyx is invested outside with a dense covering 
of quadrifid glands. The vascular bundles are shaded, cal., calyx; cor., corolla ; 
loc., the fully-developed loculus ; ov. x , the upper ovule : red. /., the rudimentary 
loculus. 25/1. 
Fig. 17. Longitudinal section of a bud of same age as Fig. 16, but made at 
right angles to the antero-posterior plane, so as to show the insertion of the 
stamens. The section passes through the fully-developed loculus only. p. m. c., 
pollen mother-cells; tap., tapetal layer: other references as in Fig. 16. 25/1. 
Fig. 18. Upper part of ovary, with right side removed, to show the insertion of 
the two ovules, fun., fnnicle of lower ovule ; ov. 1 , upper sessile ovule ; ov?, lower 
stalked ovule ; r., cellular emergence, possibly representing a rudimentary ovule ; 
-red. 1. reduced loculus. 45/1. 
