and Affinities of Trapella . 113 
granular. In the figure the upper part of the appendage only is given ; its pointed 
end is continued some distance down. 255/1. 
Fig. 34. A somewhat shorter appendage than that in Fig. 33. The section is 
perpendicular to that in Fig. 33, and a proliferation of endosperm cells has grown 
over its proximal part. 
Fig. 34 a. Shows the nucleus of one of these cells beginning to fragment. 250/1. 
Fig. 35. Longitudinal section of mature seed in situ. Section passes through 
antero-posterior plane. The embryo now occupies the greater part of the embryo- 
sac. It is surrounded by a thin layer of endosperm, end. Only one cotyledon, 
cot., is seen, since the cotyledons lie right and left of the antero-posterior plane. 
The appendage, c 3 , is seen at the base of the seed, attached to the embryo-sac ; 
rad., radicle ; cal., calyx ; a. s., anterior spine ; si., style. 10/1. 
Fig* 35 ci. Shows the embryo seen in section, at right angles to that in Fig. 35. 
The extent of the cotyledons is seen. 10/1. 
Fig. 36. Longitudinal section of the upper part of a ripening 'seed, passing 
through the antero-posterior plane. The embryo, emb., and suspensor, sp., are 
seen in situ , surrounded by endosperm, end. The upper part of the embryo-sac is 
dilated, and contains a vacuolated protoplasm with conspicuous nuclei. This vacuo- 
lated mass, syn., represents the altered synergidae. The upper endosperm cells, 
l. d., are arranged in more or less horizontal strata ; these becoming lignified later 
form the lignified diaphragm referred to on p. 93. a.sp., point of attachment of 
suspensor to embryo-sac wall; emb., embryo; end., endosperm ; int., integument 
(and nucellar tissue) of ovule ; /. d., lignified diaphragm ; m., micropyle ; pc ., peri- 
carp ; sp., suspensor; v. b., vascular bundle. 110/1, 
Fig. 37. Longitudinal section of top of adult seed, similar to Fig- 36. The 
endosperm and enlarged synergidae have encroached still more upon the integu- 
ment, which is reduced to a single layer of cells throughout the greater part of the 
seed. The synergidal region has a curious mottled effect ; the upper part of the 
suspensor is seen running obliquely downwards across it. The embryonic root is 
seen just below the lignified diaphragm, /. d. e., epidermis of root ; d.c., dermato- 
calyptrogenic layer ; pb., periblem ; pi., plerome ; other references as in Fig. 36. 
100/1. 
Fig. 38. Enlarged view of the region in the neighbourhood of A in Fig. 37. 
The curious mottling of the synergidal region is shown, and the disintegrated looking 
and granular nucleus (».), in a special area of its own, n. a. The lignified 
diaphragm is drawn in dark, l. d. 300/1. 
Fig. 39. Longitudinal section of the supposed rudimentary ovule, r., which projects 
into the reduced loculus, red. 1 . 135/1. 
Figs. 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 are transverse sections of a flower at different 
heights indicated by the numbers 40-45 in Fig. 15. Fig. 40 is taken half- 
way down the ovary; Fig. 41, at the insertion of the emergences; Fig. 42, just 
above the insertion of the calyx (the corolla has fallen away, and is not represented) ; 
Fig. 43, at the insertion of the lower ovule, ov 2 ; Fig. 44, at the insertion of the 
upper ovule, ov} ; Fig. 45 is a transverse section of the style. The vascular 
bundles are coloured : — green to the calyx-lobes ; red to the corolline-lobes ; brown 
to the emergences (these originate from the corolline bundles, red just below the 
insertion of the emergences) ; yellow to the stamens and staminodes (the position 
marked x in Figs. 40 and 41 is that which would be occupied by a bundle to 
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