343 
Marshall Ward. — On a lily -disease. 
were going on quite as rapidly as I could sketch them. On 
attaining the condition represented at d (Fig. 57), however, 
the effect of the irritation on the tip of the hypha began to 
make itself apparent ; the tip slowly sank into the substance 
of the cell-wall (e was drawn at 3.7 p.m.), and appeared as if 
it was becoming continuous with its substance. This process 
went on for a quarter of an hour (/was drawn at 3.15 p.m.), 
until, at 3.24 p.m., the tip of the hypha, like a tiny bright 
globule, appeared, g , on the other side of the cell-wall : this 
rapidly enlarged, like a yeast-bud, and in four minutes 
presented the appearance shown in h (3.28 p.m.) and rapidly 
elongated to a continuation of the hypha (i was drawn at 
3.30 p.m.). The hypha had pierced the cell-wall , slightly 
obliquely , by means of its tip. Now the tip of this hypha 
was just such an one as I found to extrude what I have 
called the ‘ ferment drops, 5 and it seems to me perfectly safe 
to assume that in this case the ferment at the tip was used to 
soften the cell-wall of the lily-bulb. 
It should be remarked that in this case also the fungus is 
living as a saprophyte : the tissues of a section such as I have 
described are dead after a few hours at most of the treatment 
to which they have been subjected. I remind the reader of 
this, simply to show that it is not claimed for these observa- 
tions that they demonstrate exactly what goes on when the 
fungus is living as a parasite. That they bear directly on that 
question is of course obvious enough. I need say no more about 
Fig. 57 than to observe that it illustrates a similar case of the 
rapid piercing of a cell-wall, the condition b being attained ten 
minutes after a. 
As already said, it is much oftener the case that when the 
tip of the hypha enters the cell-wall it runs in the plane of 
the middle lamella between the cells : I have not added figures 
of this, since what refers to Figs. 54-56 sufficiently illustrates 
the results of these cultures also. 
It remains to state that the hyphae do not directly attack 
the starch-grains, nuclei, or other cell-contents, though they 
affect them indirectly : the starch-grains, for instance, are 
