Three New Species of Zoantharia from California 
Charles E. Cutress and Willis E. Pequegnat 1 
Previous to the discovery of the species to 
be described in this paper, 20 species of Zo- 
antharia belonging to 4 genera were known 
from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Nine of the 
species were described from the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia by Carlgren ( 1951 ) . With the additional 
species described by Verrill (1866, 1869) from 
Central America and one described from Pan- 
ama by Le Conte (1851), there are 15 species 
of Zoantharia known from the warm waters of 
the Gulf of Panama and Gulf of California. 
Four species have been described from the coasts 
of Chile and Juan Fernandez, one by McMur- 
rich (1904) and three by Carlgren (1898, 
1920). Between this region and Panama vir- 
tually nothing is known of the zoantharian 
fauna. North of the Gulf of California to the 
southern coast of Alaska there is known but a 
single zoanthid, the species being described by 
Wood (1958). 
the Zoantharia of the eastern 
Pacific Ocean 
Epizoanthus calif ornicum Carlgren, 1951, p. 436, 
text fig. 82, a-d, pi. 14, fig. 7. La Paz, Baja 
California. 
crassum Verrill, 1869, p. 498. San Sal- 
vador. 
elongatum Verrill, 1869, p. 497. Peru 
and Pearl Islands. 
gabrieli Carlgren, 1951, p. 438, pi. 14, 
fig. 6. Espiritu Island, Gabriel Bay, Baja 
California. 
humile Verrill, 1869, p. 498. Panama. 
patagonichum Carlgren, 1898, p. 38, 
fig. 1. S. 40° 14' W. 61° 23'. McMurrich, 
1904, p. 296, pi. 19, figs. 85, 86. Calbuco, 
Chile. Carlgren, 1927, p. 94, text fig. 62. South 
of Falkland Islands. 
— scotinus Wood, 1958, p. 707. Puget 
Sound, Washington. 
1 Smithsonian Institution and Department of Zool- 
ogy, Pomona College, Claremont, California. Manu- 
script received January 29 , 1959 . 
Palythoa complanata Carlgren, 1951, p. 438, text 
figs. 82, e, f, pi. 14, fig. 9. Puerto Escondido, 
Baja California. 
ignota Carlgren, 1951, p. 440, text figs. 
83, c, d, pi. 14, fig. 12. Angeles Bay, Baja 
California. 
insignis Carlgren, 1951, p. 441, text 
figs. 84, a-c, pi. 14, fig. 13. Coronado Island, 
Baja California. 
pazi Carlgren, 1951, p- 442, text fig. 84, 
d, pi. 14, fig. 14. La Paz, Baja California. 
praelonga Carlgren, 1951, p. 439, text 
figs. 82, g, h, pi. 14, fig. 10. Gabriel Bay, Baja 
California. 
rickettsi Carlgren, 1951, p. 440, text 
figs. 83, a, b, pi. 14, fig. 11. Tiburon Island, 
Baja California. 
Parazoanthus elongatum McMurrich, 1904, p. 
298, pi. 19, figs. 87-89. Calbuco, Chile. 
fuegiensis Carlgren, 1898, p. 39, fig. 6. 
Dawson Island, Strait of Magellan. 
juanfernandez Carlgren, 1920, p. 148, 
text fig. 3, pi. 6, fig. 3. Juan Fernandez. 
Zo ant bus confer turn (Verrill). Mammillifera 
conferta Verrill, 1869, p. 497. San Salvador. 
danae Le Conte. Zoantha danae Le 
Conte, 1851, p. 320. Panama. Mammillifera 
danae, Verrill, 1869, p. 496. Pearl Islands. 
Zoanthus danae, Verrill, 1866, p. 329. Pan- 
ama. Carlgren, 1951, p. 443, text figs. 84, e-h. 
Escondido, Coronado, Concepcion Bay, Baja 
California. 
depressum Carlgren, 1951, p. 444, text 
fig. 84, i. Cape San Lucas, Baja California. 
nitidum (Verrill) . Mammillifera nitida 
Verrill, 1869, p. 497- San Salvador. 
The three species of Parazoanthus known 
until now from the eastern Pacific are all from 
the southern end of South America. The new 
fourth species, P. lucifcum, in addition to being 
the first reported from the northeast Pacific 
Ocean, also is the first reported instance of a 
member of the genus occurring regularly on a 
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