Polynesian Dog — Luomala 
197 
is nearer the type. Vaillant (Album, No. 45; 
Bishop Museum Negative 20588) in "Vue de 
Honolulu. lies Sandwich” done in the mid- 
1830’s shows a dog with a Hawaiian couple. 
Dogs depicted by artists in later volumes look 
increasingly like European breeds. 
The Dominion Museum, Wellington, New 
Zealand, has kindly sent a photograph of a 
specimen (B. 3527) often described, though 
questionably, as of the pre-European breed of 
dog. Dr. T. Barrow writes to me from the Mu- 
seum that ". . . the history of the specimen is 
inadequate, and the ancestry of the dog doubt- 
ful. ... It was collected at Waikawa, but there 
are several Waikawas in New Zealand, and we 
are not sure which place is referred to. The 
collector was Anderson. We may take it that it 
is not one of the two dogs caught during the 
time of Sir George Grey’s office in this country.” 
Sir George Grey, former Governor-General 
of New Zealand, sent to the British Museum in 
the last half of the nineteenth century ( Hector, 
1876: 244) the hide and skeleton of one of 
two dogs thought to be of the native breed. 
Among the long-time residents of New Zealand 
who interested themselves in what the native 
breed had looked like and whether any traces 
remained, W. Colenso (1877), who had thor- 
oughly criss-crossed North Island between 1834 
and 1854, declared that he had never seen a 
true Maori dog and considered these later dogs, 
such as the one Sir George sent to the Museum, 
to be wild dogs not of the native breed. A large 
problem not taken up in my study is the evalua- 
tion of an extensive literature, mostly from New 
Zealand, describing and discussing nineteenth- 
century specimens that are regarded by some 
writers as belonging to the pre-European native 
breed or breeds. The stuffed specimen at the 
Dominion Museum was often figured in Elsdon 
Best’s (1924, I: 433) writing as a native breed. 
George Forster compared the New Zealand 
native dog with the shepherd’s cur depicted by 
Buffon ( 175 5, V: pi. 28) , and H. G. L. Reichen- 
bach (1836: 46, pi. 72) sketches a most imagi- 
native reconstruction of the appearance of Cams 
tahitiensis. 
A Papuan with his dog hunting wild pigs 
that swim near the canoe was sketched in the 
last quarter of the eighteenth century (Forrest, 
1779: 59, pi. 11). 
What seems to be the first depiction of the 
Australian native dog, the dingo, appeared in 
1789 (Phillip, 1789: pi. 45, facing p. 274) 
with the publication of a sketch of a female 
from New South Wales, which Governor Phillip 
had sent to England as a present that eventually 
came into the possession of the Marchioness of 
Salisbury at Hattfield House. Another specimen 
in England was owned by Mr. Lascelles. The 
London zoo also had some. A description is 
given in a later section of my paper because of 
the frequent references to post-European mix- 
tures of the dingo and the native dog of New 
Zealand. 
Among Hawaiian petroglyphs are representa- 
tions of dogs. Figure 22 shows a section of pe- 
troglyphs in Nuuanu Valley, Honolulu. 
FOUR PRIMARY EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY 
SOURCES 
Scientists interested in classifying Polynesian 
native dogs cite most often three or four of the 
several statements about dogs made by J. R. 
Forster and his son George, natural scientists 
who accompanied Cook on his second voyage to 
the Pacific from 1772 to 1775. The Forsters’ 
accounts, together with those of the New Zea- 
land dog by Crozet in 1772 and of the Hawaiian 
dog in 1779 by Lieutenant James King (later 
Captain King), are the first extensive, but not 
the first, references to the dog in the literature 
Fig. 4. Detail of dog in Figure 3. The long muzzle 
is clearly evident. The ears seem to be flopped for- 
ward. 
