290 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIV, July I960 
TABLE 2 
Comparison of Female Candacia norvegica from Georges Bank, 
the Pacific, and Variety tropica 
TOTAL 
ABDOMEN RATIO =100 
LENGTH* 
CEPHALOTHORAX- 
SEGMENT NUMBER 
SOURCE 
(mm. ) 
ABDOMEN RATIO* 
1 
2 
3 
Furca 
Georges Bank (USNM) 
3.24 
2.89:1 
45 
24 
18 
13 
Pacific 
2.96 
2.66:1 
45 
24 
17 
14 
Pacific 
2.80 
2.83:1 
44 
22 
19 
15 
Variety tropica (Sewell, 1932)f 
2.28 
2.92:1 
43 
25 
19 
13 
* Includes telescoped portion of abdominal segments of the specimens from Georges Bank and from the Pacific. Sewell’s data 
used for tropica. 
t Sewell apparently reversed the figures for the ratio of the anal segment and furca. Measurement of his figure of the abdo- 
men shows that the length of the anal segment exceeds that of the furca. 
recent paper, Fleminger and Bowman ( 1956) 
have reported that Wilson’s determinations 
were incorrect and that C. norvegica was not 
present in any of the Carnegie and Albatross 
material in the U. S. National Museum. The 
only other mention of this species from the 
Pacific appears in Tanaka’s (1953) list from 
the Izu region off southern Japan. Because no 
description or figures have been given of Pacific 
specimens and because of the apparent rarity 
of the species in that ocean, we are including 
a description based on two females and one 
male collected in the central North Pacific. These 
specimens were collected at 37° 43.9' N., 165° 
0.5' W. ("Hugh M. Smith” cruise 25, sta. 13, 
Jan. 24, 1954, 200-0 m. depth of tow, 2 females 
and 1 male) and have been deposited in the 
U. S. National Museum (USNM 102741). 
We have compared our specimens with At- 
lantic C. norvegica collected south of Georges 
Bank (northwest Atlantic) and loaned to us 
by the U. S. National Museum, with Sewell’s 
description of tropica, and with Sars’ ( 1903 ) 
redescription of C. norvegica based on speci- 
mens from the Norwegian Sea. Differences in 
the details of the lateral spines of the female 
genital segment were found. Sars implied in his 
description that these spines are simple and 
single pointed. Variety tropica Sewell is stated 
to have bifid spines on both sides. Our Pacific 
specimens agree with tropica in this respect, 
but the spines are somewhat smaller (Figs. 48, 
49). The Georges Bank specimen examined by 
us has a slightly bifid tip on the left spine and 
a simple spine on the right (Fig. 64). Further- 
more, Sars stated that the genital segment is 
perfectly symmetrical, but in the specimens 
from the Pacific (Fig. 47) and Georges Bank 
(Fig. 63) and in tropica , the left spine is larger 
than the right. We believe that the size and 
detail of these spines is variable and may be of 
little diagnostic value. Table 2 gives the total 
length, cephalothorax-abdomen ratio, and ab- 
dominal segment ratios of the specimen from 
Georges Bank, Pacific specimens, and Sewell’s 
variety tropica. 
The structure of the female fifth feet pre- 
sents some variation among specimens from the 
Pacific and Georges Bank, Sewell’s tropica, and 
Sars’ description. Sewell stated that the fifth 
feet of tropica were unlike norvegica in that 
there are two rather than three "spines” on the 
outer margin of the distal segment, but Sars 
(1903) mentioned that this margin may have 
two or three small "denticles.” Of our two Pa- 
cific specimens, one has two spinous processes 
on each foot (Fig. 54), and the other has two 
on one foot and three on the other (Fig. 55). 
The Georges Bank specimen has two outer 
spinous processes on each foot. It appears that 
this is a variable characteristic. In tropica the 
two terminal fingers of the fifth feet are equal, 
but in all others examined or described the 
length of the outer is about twice that of the 
inner finger. 
Sars stated that the points on the corners of 
the fifth thoracic segment diverge in dorsal 
view, but in all other specimens and descrip- 
tions examined by us these points point straight 
caudad. 
