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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIV, October I960 
smoothly rounded dorsally, truncate ventrally, 
failing to reach anterior margin of preopercle 
by Vl- 2 A pupil diameter; posterior tip of 
mandible bluntly pointed, just reaching an- 
terior edge of preopercle; ventral profile slightly 
curved, the ventral mid-line moderately com- 
pressed; scutes restricted to region between pec- 
toral and pelvic fins, each with a posteriorly 
projecting spine and a riblike lateral ramus 
nearly reaching a pleural rib; caudal forked, the 
sixth ray from the top and bottom with a fleshy 
alar flap. 
Scales deciduous, cycloid, with 11-13 radiat- 
ing striae, the anterior 2 or 4 sometimes con- 
necting centrally; anterior scale margin not 
crenulate; anterior half of scale with fine, paral- 
lel, dorsoventral grooves, posterior half with 
coarse crescentic grooves; an elongate alar scale 
above pectoral base, none (?) at pelvic base. 
Ovarian eggs from a 49.3 mm. maturing 
female were oval and measured about 0.5 by 0.3 
mm. These eggs were whitish and opaque and 
showed no signs of an oil globule when stained 
with Sudan IV. 
Color in formalin straw or white with a sil- 
very band lengthwise from eye to caudal base, 
band about 36 eye diameter in width at eye and 
on caudal peduncle, but as wide as eye beneath 
dorsal fin; tips of snout and mandible blackish, 
a spray of fine black dots on occipito-parietal 
region; dorsalmost scale pockets margined in 
black, particularly on caudal peduncle; dorsal 
and caudal rays black-spotted, a row of 14 or 15 
black spots along anal base. 
In life buccaneeri is said to be purplish blue, 
in contrast to purpureus which is greenish or 
brownish. 
AFFINITIES: Comparative material of the 
numerous species of Stolephorus was not avail- 
FlG. 2. Holotype of Stolephorus buccaneeri, new 
species (USNM no. 177742) from Lehua Island, 
Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. 
TABLE 2 
Measurements, Expressed in Thousandths of 
the Standard Length, Made on 
Stolephorus buccaneeri 
HOLO- 
TYPE 
PARA- 
TYPE 
PARA- 
TYPE 
Standard length (mm.).... 
53.3 
49.8 
55.3 
Head length 
250 
215 
230 
Postorbital length of head. 
140 
124 
121 
Eye diameter 
67 
60 
54 
Interorbital width 
51 
52 
51 
Snout length 
46 
48 
49 
Maxillary length 
164 
147 
141 
Maximum depth of body.. 
187 
169 
181 
Least depth of body 
79 
76 
78 
Maximum width of body.. 
137 
116 
132 
Snout to dorsal origin 
529 
488 
528 
Snout to anal origin 
717 
701 
691 
Snout to pectoral base 
258 
255 
241 
Snout to pelvic base 
492 
452 
472 
Longest dorsal ray 
142 
147 
134 
Longest pectoral ray 
105 
135 
127 
Sex 
male 
female 
male 
able, and the relationships of buccaneeri were 
determined almost solely from the literature. All 
nominal species referable to the genus (as de- 
fined above) were considered insofar as pos- 
sible, but some poorly described forms could not 
be allocated, nor did descriptions always agree 
between authors. The authors cited below pro- 
vided the information by which the species were 
separated. The order of presentation is not neces- 
sarily phylogenetic nor fully dichotomous. 
Probably most distantly related to buccaneeri 
are those species of Stolephorus having the 
maxillary extending to the gill opening or nearly 
to it: commersoni, waitei, rex, tri, baganensis, 
and insularis (Jordan and Seale, 1926; Weber 
and de Beaufort, 1913; Fowler, 1941; Harden- 
berg, 1933 b). Another distinctive group in- 
cludes evermanni and indicus, both of which 
have the pectorals reaching or nearly reaching 
the pelvic bases (Jordan and Seale, 1906, 1926). 
According to Weber and de Beaufort (1913), 
the pectoral fins of indicus do not reach the 
pelvic base, but in their material the anal origin 
was below the middle of the dorsal base, whereas 
in buccaneeri the anal origin is slightly posterior 
to the rear of the dorsal base. S. insularum, ex- 
tensus, holodon, chinensis, nasuta, and aestuaria 
differ from buccaneeri in having 20 or more anal 
rays (Jordan and Seale, 1926; Fowler, 1941); 
