New Engraulid Fish- — -Strasburg 
399 
and heterolobus , psendoheterolobus , zollingen , 
and purpmeus differ in having the maxillary 
length contained 1.0-1 ,4 times in the head 
length, as opposed to 1 .4-1.7 times for buc- 
caneeri (Hardenberg, 1933#; Fowler, 1941). 
5*. celebicus is listed by Hardenberg ( 1933*, 
1933^) and Fowler (1941) as lacking scutes, 
and would therefore be excluded from this dis- 
cussion were it not for the fact that S. com- 
mersoni occasionally also lacks these structures 
(Hardenberg, 1933*) as does purpmeus (Table 
1). The phylogenetic importance of scutes has 
been stressed by Jordan and Seale (1925, 1926) , 
but it appears that their variation must be 
understood before they can be used to effect 
generic separation. 
Some mention must also be made of Ancho- 
viella munii. Although described as new from 
Maui, Hawaiian Islands (Fowler and Bean, 
1923), this species has since been synonymized 
with Engraulis australis by Fowler ( 1934) , who 
also pointed out that the specimens were mis- 
labeled as to locality. 
distribution: S . buccaneeri has been col- 
lected only from the waters off the northern 
Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Niihau, and its 
true distribution is unknown. It also remains to 
be demonstrated whether schools of offshore 
anchovies are composed of buccaneeri or of pur- 
pnreus or of both. Examination of a collection 
of anchovies from Maalaea, Maui (where the 
population is thought to be augmented from 
offshore stocks), revealed only purpmeus. Judg- 
ing from the place of capture of one type series 
(200 yd. from shore), buccaneeri also may be 
neritic. 
REMARKS: It is a pleasure to name this new 
anchovy buccaneeri after the M/Y "Buccaneer” 
of Honolulu. It is suggested that "roundhead” 
be used as a common name to distinguish this 
fish from nehu. 
REFERENCES 
Fowler, H. W. 1934. The fishes of Oceania. 
Supplement 2. B. P. Bishop Mus. Mem. 
11(6): 383-466, 4 figs. 
— — 1941. The fishes of the groups Elasmo- 
branchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Os- 
tariophysi. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 13, 
x + 879 pp., 30 figs. 
Fowler, H. W, and B. A. Bean. 1923. Descrip- 
tions of eighteen new species of fishes from 
the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, preserved 
in the United States National Museum. U. S. 
Nat. Mus. Proc. 63(2488): 1-27. 
Gosline, W. A. 1951. The scientific name of 
the nehu, an engraulid baitfish of the Ha- 
waiian Islands. Pacif. Sci. T("3') : 272. 
Hardenberg, J. D. F. 1933*. Notes on some 
genera of the Engraulidae. Natuurk. Tijdschr. 
Ned.-Ind. 93(2): 230-257, 3 tables. 
— 1933£. New Stolephorusspecies of the 
I ndo- Australian seas. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.- 
Ind. 93(2): 258-263. 
Hiatt, R. W. 1951. Food and feeding habits 
of the nehu, Stolephoms purpmeus Fowler. 
Pacif. Sci. 5(4) : 347-358, 1 fig, 10 tables. 
Jordan, D. S, and A. Seale. 1906. The fishes 
of Samoa. U. S, Bur. Fish. Bull. 1905, 25: 
173-455, 16 col. pis, 5 black and white pis, 
111 figs. 
— and — 1925. Analysis of the gen- 
era of anchovies or Engraulidae. Copeia 14 1: 
27-32. 
- — — and - — — — 1926. Review of the En- 
graulidae, with descriptions of new and rare 
species. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Bull. 67 
(11): 355-418. 
Pritchard, A. 1955. Oxygen requirements of 
some Hawaiian tuna baitfish. U. S. Fish Wild!. 
Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 146: 1-30, 12 
figs, 10 tables. 
Tester, A. L. 1951. The distribution of eggs 
and larvae of the anchovy r Stolephoms pm- 
pmeus Fowler, in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, with 
a consideration of the sampling problem. 
Pacif. Sci. 5(4): 321-346, 7 figs, 12 tables. 
— 1955. Variation in egg and larva pro- 
duction of the anchovy, Stolephoms purpmeus 
Fowler, in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, during 1950- 
1952. Pacif. Sci. 9(1 ) : 31-41, 5 figs, 3 tables. 
Tester, A. L, and R. W. Hiatt. 1952. Varia- 
tion in the vertebral number of the anchovy 
(Stolephoms purpmeus) in Hawaiian waters. 
Pacif. Sci. 6(1): 59-70, 3 figs, 3 tables. 
Weber, M, and L. F. de Beaufort. 1913. The 
fishes of the Indo- Australian Archipelago. 
Vol. II: Malacopterygii, Myctophoidea, Os- 
tariophysi: Siluroidea. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 
xx + 404 pp, 151 figs. 
