founded on the Structure of their Seedlings. 27 
and when this is the case the root is tetrarch or pentarch, and 
the transition follows the Anemarrhena type more or less 
closely. 
When, as is more commonly the case, plumular traces 
enter the stele and take part in the transition, the process 
is always irregular, and the root becomes 5-7 arch. 
Similar irregularities are found in the allied genus Aspho- 
delus . In A. albus and A. cerasifer there are two cotyle- 
donary bundles as in Asphodeline , but plumular traces play 
a greater part in the transition, and the likeness to Anemar- 
rhena is more obscure. 
The relationship to Anemarrhena is particularly clear in 
Asphodelus fistulosus. It possesses three massive bundles 
in the cotyledon, and it is clear from their position in the 
cotyledonary sheath, and their behaviour during the transition, 
that two of these correspond to the two bundles in the cotyle- 
don of Anemarrhena. The third is placed between them, 
opposite the plumule, and I have therefore called it the 
median bundle. 
The plumular traces do not affect the symmetry of the 
root-stele, though they are inserted on the cotyledonary 
traces during the process of transition. 
Each of the two main cotyledonary traces divides as in Ane- 
marrhena (Diagram VI). The xylem branches in three direc- 
tions, and the median branch of the three bisects the phloem 
group behind it. Of the four lateral xylem branches formed 
from the two main traces, the two directed towards the plumule 
unite, and the opposite pair would do so too — forming a 
tetrarch root as in Anemarrhena — but for the presence of the 
median trace on that side. The xylem of this trace branches 
to right and left, each branch fusing with the adjacent lateral 
branch from a main trace. The phloem group does not 
divide, but is continued downwards in situ. Thus a pentarch 
root is formed. 
Eremurus turkestanicus and E. spectahilis also possess 
a median bundle in the cotyledon, placed as in Asphodelus 
fistulosus. The two main bundles behave during the tran- 
