Insects in Great Britain , 
543 
Class H § 14. Crocus Type. 
98 . Crocus aureus, Linn. [Lit. Brit. 29.] In cultivation. 
Visitors. Hymenoptera. Aculeata : Apidae : (1) Apis mellifica 
L., sh. and cp. 2-15. IV. 95, very ab. Diptera. Muscidae : (2) Pollenia 
rudis F., fp. 2. IV. 95, freq. (3) Lucilia cornicina F., fp. 2. IV. 95, 
freq. All at 800 ft. 
Class H § 15. Viola Type. 
99 . Viola palustris, Linn. [Lit. Brit. 23; N.C.E. 14.) 
Reproduction is largely by runners. The flowers are insignifi- 
cant, with a spur only 2 mm. long and with little honey. The 
stigma projects beyond the stamens. They are neglected by 
insects, so that we have only seen three individuals on them ; 
the fourth (B. lapponicus) was observed on the flowers by the 
father of one of us, Mr. I. H. Burkill, sen. Knuth observed 
no visitors in the North Friesian Islands. 
Visitors. Hymenoptera. Aculeata: Apidae: (1) Bombus lapponi- 
cus F., sh. 19. V. 98, 1,400 ft. once. Diptera. Empidae : (2) Empis 
lucida Ztt., sh. 12. VI. 99, 17-2,500 ft. Anthomyiidae : (3) 1 sp., 18. 
V. 98, 800 ft. 
100 . Viola canina, Linn., and V. sylvatica, Fries. [Lit. 
Brit. 23, 29 ; Bennett 219 ; N.C.B. 1, 3 b, 14, 18, 25, 33, 40 ; 
MacLeod 1471 \ Alps 2 .] Pronounced bee-flowers, but not 
well visited at Clova. The spur of V. sylvatica sometimes 
attains the length of 8 mm., that of V. canina (segregate) is 
about 5 mm. long. Once in the first-named it was found 
bitten through. The butterflies abroad in spring visit the 
flowers on the continent as at Clova ; Bombi are recorded 
as visitors in Dumfriesshire and Yorkshire. The chasmo- 
gamic flowers seem to set little seed (cf. Linton in Bot. 
Exchange Club Rep. 1890, p. 384). Cleistogamic flowers 
follow them. 
Visitors. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : (1) Pieris napi L., sh. 21. 
V. 96, 23. V. 97, 15. VI. 99, 6-1,000 ft. (2) Argynnis selene Schiff., 
sh. 15-16. VI. 99, 900 ft. Hymenoptera. Aculeata: Apidae : (3) 
