Dale. — Observations on Gymnoascaceae. 583 
accuracy of this statement, and thinks that van Tieghem may 
have had a true Verticillium in his cultures. The conidial 
form is always pure white. 
This species has now (December, 1902) been kept in culture 
for a period of eighteen months, but so far it has never pro- 
duced any other kind of spore but conidia, although it has 
been grown under various conditions on different media. The 
cultures are still being continued in the hope of obtaining 
ascospores. As will be noticed below, other species are known 
which have only produced conidial forms in artificial cultures. 
III. Gymnoascus candidus. 
The original material again consisted of a mass of ripe asci 
and ascospores, and a few slender, colourless, almost un- 
branched hyphae, which had no connexion with the asci 
(Fig. 40). Hyphae, asci, and spores were all completely 
devoid of colour, and, to the naked eye, appeared as small, 
dense, and perfectly white masses. 
The ascospores germinate readily, and ripe fructifications 
are formed in a few weeks. 
On germination the minute ascospores swell considerably, 
and produce a mycelium of very thin and delicate hyphae. 
The young coils which precede the asci were first observed 
about three weeks after the sowing of the spores. Each coil 
consists of a central club-shaped hypha, the ‘ sterile cell J 
(to retain Baranetzky’s terminology), surrounded by a thinner 
hypha, the ‘ ascogone,’ which coils round it in a close, sym- 
metrical spiral (Fig. 41). 
The two hyphae may or may not arise from the same 
hypha ; more usually they appear not to do so. Nor do 
they arise simultaneously, as in G. Reessii ; for the ‘ sterile 
cell ’ is first formed, and the ‘ ascogone ’ afterwards grows round 
it, as far as the apex, and here, after each has been cut off by 
a transverse wall (Fig. 43), the two cells fuse with one another 
(Figs. 44, 45, and 46). The ascogone now segments (Figs. 
46-48), and the greater number of the segments thus formed 
grow out into short thick hyphae (Figs. 46-48), which branch 
