586 Dale. — Observations on Gymnoascaceae. 
The Various Kinds of Reproduction observed in 
the Gymnoascaceae. 
The occurrence of asexual spores has not been observed in 
all species of Gymnoascus. Some species, e. g. G. Reessii , 
seem to reproduce themselves exclusively by means of asco- 
spores. On the other hand, there are species which, at least 
under certain conditions, produce nothing but asexual spores. 
As examples may be noted the case of G. setosus just de- 
scribed, for, though Eidam 1 succeeded in obtaining the 
young coil, his cultures did not produce any ascospores. 
Another case is that of a species cultivated by Matruchot 
and Dassonville 2 , who do not, however, give its name. 
The majority of the Gymnoascaceae, however, produce in 
culture both sexual spores and also various kinds of asexual 
spores. Frequently these are of the type of chlamydospores, 
as, for example, in G. uncinatus 3 . In G. setosus (p. 582), and 
perhaps in G. ruber 3 , the conidia arise in a verticillate manner 
on erect subaerial hyphae. In G. setosus conidia may also 
arise by budding from a germinating conidium (p. 582). 
In G. candidus (pp. 584, 585) the asexual spores are oidia, 
resulting from the breaking up into spores of subaerial hyphae, 
which may either lie horizontally upon the substratum, or, 
more usually, stand erect and branch copiously. 
Conclusions. 
The investigations just described leave no doubt as to the 
occurrence of a sexual process in the Gymnoascaceae, if not in 
every species, at least in Gymnoascus Reessii and in G. candidus. 
Such a process has not before been described, though it was 
assumed by Baranetzky 4 , who, however, expressly states that 
1 loc. cit. (2). 
2 (1) Sur le Champignon de l’Herpes (Trichophyton) et les formes voisines, et 
sur la classification des Ascomycetes. Bull. Soc. Myc. de France, tom. xv, p. 250 
(1899). 
3 Eidam, loc. cit. (i), p. 298. 
4 loc. cit., pp. 148 and 156. 
