the A sco carp in Mona sens. 19 1 
disappeared, their walls finally collapsing so that their 
presence was only indicated by apparent reticulated thicken- 
ings of its walls. Its coloured protoplasm at length became 
colourless, and divided into a very large number of small 
oval masses, each of which became a spore. The ripe 
spores were oval, colourless, and refringent with homogeneous 
protoplasm. They measured 7-8 \x and 4-5 m. They were 
liberated by the breaking down of the wall. The perithecium 
sometimes remained very much smaller and contained but 
few spores, e. g. 16 \i in diameter with 8-10 spores, and 11 ft 
with only 4 spores. The other species, Monascus mucoroides , 
differed from the preceding but little except in size. The 
conidia were larger, being usually 15-18 ^ i n diameter. The 
perithecia were also larger, having a diameter of 60-70 ft, 
and were produced at the end of a long branch or pedicel, 
in this respect resembling a Mucor sporangium even more 
than the preceding. Hence its name. The ascospores were 
spherical, with a mean diameter of 8 \x . The investing hyphae 
were similar ; but in the early stages, while grouping them- 
selves around the ascus as in the preceding species, they were 
not so closely applied to it, a considerable space being left 
between them and it, contact not being established until the 
latter had almost reached its full size. On this account Van 
Tieghem considered that there was no sexual relation between 
the ascogenous cell and any of the investing hyphae. 
The next account of a member of this genus was that 
given by Harz in 1890 ( 12 ). Under the name Physomyces 
heterosporus he has described a fungus which undoubtedly is 
a member of Van Tieghem’s genus, Monascus. It was met 
with in solutions of glycerine in a soap-factory in Bavaria, 
and attracted attention by its vivid carmine-red pigment. 
Its methods of reproduction were very similar to those of the 
preceding species. On nutrient gelatine substrata two kinds 
of conidia were formed, viz. torula-like conidia, borne either 
singly or in chains, 2*5-3*5 /x in diameter, corresponding to 
the conidia described by Van Tieghem, and macro-conidia, 
borne singly, more or less egg-shaped, and larger than the 
