208 Barker . — The Morphology and Development of 
Candidas , dividing into several cells, from which the ascogenous 
hyphae spring, and in other cases, e. g. in Gymnoascus Reessii, 
growing directly out into a branch, from which the ascogenous 
hyphae arise. The ascogonium of Monascus therefore resem- 
bles the enlarged more or less spherical ascogonia of the 
Sphaeriales and Pezizineae much more than those of the 
Gymnoascaceae. 
While these considerations tend to place it outside the 
Gymnoascaceae, there is nevertheless no other group of Asco- 
mycetes in which it could be placed. 
From the lower genera, such as Endomyces , Eremascus , 
Exoascus , and Ascocorticum , it is at once distinguished by the 
formation of an ascocarp. 
From the Pyrenomycetes, Discomycetes and the higher 
Plectascineae it is distinguished by the relatively simple 
ascocarp. 
Of the Fungi just mentioned the ripe ascocarps of the 
Aspergillaceae and the Erysipheae appear from a surface view 
to resemble strongly those of Monascus . Their internal 
structure is also very similar, if compared with the latter at 
the stage when the central cell is indistinguishable from the 
cutinized investing hyphae and the interior is filled with 
a mass of tangled hyphae and asci. 
The study of the method of development in each case 
shows, however, that this similarity in structure is of no value 
as indicating a close relationship between these forms. The 
whole of the structures within the ascocarp of Monascus have 
their origin from the ascogonium, and are of the nature of 
ascogenous hyphae and asci. In the other forms sterile hyphae 
not of ascogonial origin are mingled with the ascogenous 
hyphae and asci. 
There is a certain amount of similarity also between the 
archicarps of these forms. Very little is known about these 
structures in the Aspergillaceae, but the resemblance shown 
by that of Penicillium has already been mentioned. In this 
case, however, it has not yet been shown that fusion takes 
place between the sexual organs. The ascogonium moreover 
