the Ascocarp in Monascus . 209 
divides into several cells, from each of which ascogenous 
hyphae arise. 
In the Erysipheae the ascogonium and antheridium arise 
from different hyphae. Otherwise they are very much like 
those of Monascus. The ascogonium, however, divides into 
several cells after fertilization, some or all of which produce 
asci. 
The points of resemblance shown by the other Ascomycetes 
are confined to the archicarp and the earliest stages in the 
development of the ascocarp. The mature ascocarp of these 
forms, whether of the Discomycetous or Pyrenomycetous type, 
is a much more complicated and highly developed structure. 
The archicarp of Peziza scutellata has already been referred 
to. Woronin &(29), who has described it, found that the 
terminal cell of a short hyphal branch became somewhat 
enlarged, while from the cell immediately beneath it a small 
hypha was developed which grew around the former, be- 
coming closely applied to it. He surmised that the former 
was the ‘ egg-cell 5 or ascogonium, and the latter the antheri- 
dium. The behaviour of the two structures was soon obscured 
by the development of investing hyphae, a perithecium 
eventually resulting. There is thus very little direct evidence 
to warrant the assumption that they represent sexual organs 
or that they retain their sexual functions : but in view, in 
particular, of Harper’s work on Pyronema (10) and the 
Erysipheae (9), and also of the results of other observers, all of 
which tend to show that the archicarp is an organ of a sexual 
nature, although perhaps not necessarily always functional, to 
which the ascocarp owes its origin, these structures described 
by Woronin become invested with considerable significance 
and can fairly be looked upon as constituting an archicarp. 
If the enlarged cell be regarded then as an ascogonium and 
the smaller hypha arising immediately beneath it be taken as 
an antheridial branch, the similarity to the corresponding 
structures of Monascus is very pronounced, since in both 
cases they are developed in close contact at the apex of 
a short branch. It is true that in the former case the antheri- 
P 
