210 Barker . — The Morphology and Development of 
dial branch arises below the ascogonium, whereas i w Monascus 
it forms the apex of the branch, the ascogonium being deve- 
loped beneath by the formation of a new growing-point at 
that spot. This difference, however, is probably of no great 
importance, since it is merely a matter of the time of develop- 
ment. Where two or more structures are formed at the end of 
a hypha, it is the first-formed which appears to constitute the 
apex of the branch, and the others appear to arise below it. 
In reality, however, they are all terminal. It is thus with the 
cases in point, and in both instances eventually the asco- 
gonium by its superior development assumes the apical 
position, the antheridial branch appearing to arise below it, 
although in Monascus the latter was really first formed. 
Of the subsequent development of the ascocarp from the 
archicarp in Peziza scutellata we have insufficient details for 
further comparison. Fortunately, however, the complete 
series of changes in the case of Pyronema confluens , a member 
of the same group, is available for comparison owing to the 
successful and complete work of Harper (10). 
This fungus differs from the former in having the anthe- 
ridia and ascogonia developed on different hyphae. A slender 
filamentous hypha, the trichogyne, is formed as an outgrowth 
from the ascogonium, and fusion takes place at its tip between 
this and an antheridium. Nuclei then pass from the latter 
through the trichogyne into the ascogonium and there fuse 
with the nuclei of that organ. A wall is then formed cutting 
off the ascogonium from the trichogyne. The nuclear fusions 
take place during a period in which the nuclei are aggregated 
closely together towards the centre of the ascogonium, the 
outer portion of which is for the time being almost devoid of 
nuclei. While these processes are occurring, the neighbouring 
hyphae branch freely and form a close investment around the 
ascogonium, or rather, since these organs are usually pro- 
duced in rosettes or groups, around the whole group. The 
ascogonium then produces numerous outgrowths, which grow 
out between the investing hyphae and form the ascogenous 
hyphae. These eventually arrange themselves in a more or 
