226 Barker.— The Morphology and Development of 
and if Went’s statement as to the division of the ascogonium 
into three cells in Monascus purpureus is correct, the resem- 
blance of the ascogonium in this species to that of Erysiphe 
is still greater than that of the c Samsu ’ species. The Sphaero- 
theca form would thus be attained by the gradual loss of the 
ascogenous hyphae. 
Of the other lower Ascomycetes, Eremascus , which retains 
a sexual process but is isogamous, is nearer to the Dipodascus 
type, and so probably are also the Saccharomycetes through 
the sexual form, Zygosaccharomyces (32). It is difficult indeed 
to separate either group from the Hemiasci. Endomyces shows 
occasionally a small hypha attached to the developing ascus. 
According to Brefeld (2) no sexual process takes place between 
the two structures, but the small hypha may be regarded as 
a rudimentary male branch. Thus this genus also approaches 
very nearly the Dipodascus type, and can only be sepa- 
rated from the Hemiasci by the limited number of spores 
in the ascus, as is the case with the other two groups just 
mentioned. The limited number of spores is doubtless 
necessitated by the small size of the ascus, the Saccharo- 
mycetes showing a variation in number corresponding with 
the size of the cell. The close relationship therefore indi- 
cated between these groups renders very interesting the 
positions of the three forms, Ascoidea rubescens , Endomyces 
decipiens , and Saccharomyces anomalies , all of which produce 
characteristic hat-shaped spores, such as are formed by no 
other Fungi (33). 
The Exoascaceae and Ascocorticaceae seem to belong to the 
Dipodascus type rather than the Monascus type through such 
forms as Taphrina . 
While Dipodascus appears to be the only sexual genus 
among the Hemiasci at present known, several of the asexual 
genera of that group merit further consideration. Of these 
Protomyces has been placed at different times by De Bary 
among the Ascomycetes (7) and later among the Ustilagineae 
(8) ; by Schroter in a special group, the Protomycetes (18), and 
later among the Hemiasci (19) ; and by Brefeld among the 
