in the Pollen-Mother-Cells of Larix. 
283 
In recent years, a multipolar origin of the spindle has been 
found in many Spermatophytes. Such a stage is described 
in the pollen-mother-cell of Lilium by Farmer (’93, ’95 d), by 
Strasburger (’95), Miss Sargant (’97), and Mottier (’97). 
Farmer’s preliminary note (’93), indeed, preceded the publica- 
tion of Belajefif’s paper, just cited, but the substance of the 
latter’s discoveries had been stated in two earlier Russian 
notes. Mottier finds, succeeding a radial stage, a felted layer 
just without the nucleus, from which fibres extend toward the 
cell-wall so as to form a number of poles. But as the nuclear 
membrane disappears and the fibres penetrate the nuclear 
cavity, the multipolar condition often disappears, to recur 
when the cavity is completely filled by the fibrous mass. In 
the pollen- mother-cells of Podophyllum and Helleborus the 
process is similar, except that there is no multipolar arrange- 
ment until after the membrane disappears. A multipolar 
stage occurs, too, according to Mottier, in the second mitosis 
in the pollen-mother-cell of Lilium ; also (’98) in the divisions 
in the embryo-sac of Lilium and Helleborus. Multipolar 
figures which develop into bipolar spindles are described in 
the pollen-mother-cells of Hemerocallis , by Juel (’97); in 
those of Nymphaea , Nuphar , Limodorum and Magnolia , by 
Guignard (’97#, '97b, ’98) ; of Cobaea and Gladiolus , by Lawson 
(’98, ’00) ; of Bignonia , Symplocarpus and Peltandra , by 
Duggar (’99, ’00) ; of Convallaria and Potamogeton , by 
Wiegand (’99) ; of Arisaema , by Atkinson (’99) ; of Passiflora , 
by Miss Williams (’99j; of Lavatera , by Miss Byxbee (’00); 
of Magnolia and Liriodendron , by Andrews (’01) ; and in 
those of Galtonia and Convallaria , by Schniewind-Thies (’01). 
Schniewind-Thies finds similar figures in the embryo-sacs of 
Galtonia , Convallaria , Scilla and Ttdipa ; and Duggar (’99) 
describes them in the embryo-sac of Bignonia. Of the cases 
above mentioned, a felted stage preceding the multipolar is 
described in Hemerocallis, Nymphaea , Nuphar , Limodorum , 
Magnolia (Guignard and Andrews), Gladiolus , Peltandra , 
Convallaria (Wiegand), Potamogeton , Lavatera and Lirioden- 
dron ; and an earlier radial stage is found in Cobaea , Peltandra, 
