330 
Willis and Bur kill. — Flowers and 
appear to be less inevitable. Perhaps of these two associates 
the earlier flowering of the one, and the less period of time 
when cross-fertilization is possible, may prevent in a measure 
the crossing which we believe extremely likely to occur. 
There are then causes which -would help incipient species to 
become isolated. We have seen more insects on H. clovense 
than on H. eximium , but they are of the same or similar 
species. 
SPECIES : 4. H. murorum, Linn. ( 0 ) H. Schmidtii , Tausch, 
(/) H. Leyi, F. J. Hanb., (q) H. lasiophyllum , Koch, and 
(r) H. argenteum , Fries, were obtained. The second seems 
very common in some spots. It grows at lower levels than 
H. eximium , H. chrysauthum , and H . holosericeum for the 
most part, rarely exceeding 2,250 feet, and where mixed with 
H. eximium flowering like H. clovense^ a little later than it. 
The stigma becomes tightly recurved when old. We have 
also gathered (.?) H. pictorum , Linton, ( t ) H. murorum , segre- 
gate, (u) H. aggregation , Backh., and ( v ) IP. rivale , F. J. Hanb. 
Species : 5. H. sylvaticum. (w) H. vulgatum , Fries, (x) H. 
euprepes , F. J. Hanb., (y) H. angustatum , Lindeb., and (z) 
H. diaphanoides , Lindeb., have been obtained at Clova (Linton, 
in Journ. Bot. 1890, p. 168; Druce, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. 
1896, p. 126 ; F. J. Hanb., Journ. Bot. 1893, p. 133). The 
stigma of these becomes ultimately tightly recurved. With 
the exception of H. pictorum those we have seen all grow 
intermixed. Other sub-species or varieties of Hieracia have 
been found at Clova, bringing up the total to thirty-one forms. 
For their names see our paper in the Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc. 
There is a sort of stratification about the Hieracia. The 
sub-species of H. alpina grow at the highest levels, next in 
descending the hills we come to the sub-species H. Leyl 
H. clovense , H. argenteum , and similar forms. Lowest come 
the more richly branched forms, such as H. anglicum. One 
form, H. vulgatum, we have found at all heights, from 700- 
2,900 feet. The others have a much less extensive range. 
The insects which visit the Hieracia are none of them wide- 
