and the Use of the Kinematograph . 767 
by plotting the flowers as explained on p. 764, where it was 
found that the flowers in succession occupied one another’s 
places, so that unless each flower be accurately drawn daily 
it would be very easy to confuse the identity of the individuals. 
I will now describe the progress of a fertilized flower, 
Fig. 8, Flower 9. 
This opened first at 2 p.m. on March 12. 
Closed 6 p.m. 
Second day. Bees were introduced into the greenhouse, 
and the flower was fertilized (Fig. 21). Stigma as long as 
the stamens. 
Began going to sleep 8.45, March 13. 
The flower continued to open and close on the 14th, 15th, 
not beginning to close on the 15th until 10 p.m. After this 
it gradually closed its petals, whilst moving up into the 
vertical position. On March 18, six days after it first 
opened, the whole pedicel moved down from the vertical 
into the horizontal position (Fig. 9, Flower 9) ; the flower was 
turned up vertically by movement at the joint. The ferti- 
lized flowers always behave in this way, thus getting out of 
the way of the buds and open flowers. 
On March 19 the flower still opened a little, the pollen was 
ripe and plentiful, and the pedicel was gradually moving up 
again. The petals now fell off, the stamens withered and the 
fruit swelled. It was ripe in June (Fig. 11). A layer of 
periderm is formed at the joint, and it is here that the fruit 
detaches itself when ripe (Fig. 14, a figure drawn from 
a herbarium specimen). The seed was sown on June 22, and 
the seedling came up and was figured on July 23 (Fig. 12). 
The ovules are capable of being fertilized in cold weather 
also. I have one example of a fertilized ovule (Jan. 8) with 
endosperm, but the fruit cannot ripen under these conditions. 
Temperature about 40° F. (4-5° C.). 
If we now review the general movements of the umbel, we 
shall see that the arrangement is such as to ensure an even 
distribution of the flowers and afterwards of the fruits over 
the sphere of the umbel, so that each flower or fruit is 
