170 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XV, April 1961 
TABLE 3 
Course of Embryonic Development in Hawaiian Conus 
DAYS 
AFTER 
SPAWN- 
ING 1 
[ 
C. abbreviatus 
C. pennaceus 
C. quercinus 
C. vitulinus 
0-1 
blastula (200 m) 2 
early cleavage stages 
uncleaved eggs 
early cleavage stages 
2-3 
early trochophore 
(460m) 
(200m) 
early blastula 
(225m) 
blastula (225 m) 
4-5 
(270/A 
well-developed 
late trochophore 
blastula (200 m) 
6-7 
trochophore (240/x) 
early veliger (255/9 
trochophore (240 m) 
trochophore (360 m) 
8-9 
10-11 
well-developed veliger 
well-developed 
early veliger (315 m) 
well-developed 
veliger (385 m) 
12-13 
14-15 
(270/x) 
hatching (veliger) 
veliger (780 m) 
veliger (275 M) 
well-developed 
veliger (285 m) 
hatching (veliger) 
hatching (veliger) 
16 
17-25 
(300m) 
no further 
development 
hatching 3 (veliconcha) 
(1200 m) 
(290m) 
(370m) 
1 Probable in C. abbreviatus . 
2 Maximum dimensions are indicated in parentheses. 
3 Data from Ostergaard (1950). 
Only 2,950 veligers were present in the one 
capsule which was counted, and they occupied 
but a small portion of the capsule. As in several 
other species, yellowish-green pigment spots 
about 10 /x in diameter were present inside the 
margins of the velar lobes. A large operculum, 
a pair of otocysts, each containing an otolith, 
and black eyes were present. The long ( ca . 75 
fx) velar cilia beat slowly and metachronally. 
The larval shell was transparent but covered 
with minute {ca. 2 /x) raised dark nodules. The 
visceral mass appeared white within the shell. 
Several hours later on the same day, hatching 
began and the hatched veligers, which meas- 
ured 360 /x in maximum shell dimension, swam 
about slowly in a 4-1. jar of aerated sea water. 
On the following day, the jar was densely pop- 
ulated with freely swimming veligers, which 
swam more rapidly than on the previous day. 
The population was then divided between two 
4-1. jars. Three days later, most of the veligers 
had died. Four of those which remained alive 
were placed in a large Stender dish {ca. 120 
mm. in diameter) containing sea water and 
sand from the reef. Of these, three continued to 
swim about, but one settled to the bottom, where 
it actively beat its cilia and possibly engaged in 
feeding. If disturbed, it swam actively for a 
few seconds, then returned to the bottom. How- 
ever, it was not observed to crawl on its foot, 
nor was there any evidence of resorption of the 
velar lobes or other manifestation of metamor- 
phosis. On the following day, all four larvae in 
the dish were dead. Two days later, the 6th day 
after hatching, a few swimming veligers re- 
mained in one jar, but the observations had to 
be terminated. 
Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguiere ( ? ) 
On 7 February 1956, at Maile, Oahu, two 
clusters of straw-colored egg capsules were 
found affixed to the underside of a coral rock, 
under which a large female C. lividus (no. 
1264, 45 X 26 mm.) was also present. One 
cluster consisted of 36 egg capsules, all of which 
were empty, and the other contained 30 capsules, 
some of which contained dead veliger larvae. 
Since these capsules were probably deposited 
