172 
days after oviposition, an abnormally long em- 
bryonic period compared with other species and 
with Ostergaard’s observations on C. pennaceus. 
Most of the capsules in the cluster underwent 
no further change and the observations were 
terminated. 
The egg mass collected at Hauula, Oahu 
(Table 1) (with an adult female, no. 1811, 35 
X 21 mm.) was attached to the underside of a 
basalt rock in less than 0.5 m. of water. On the 
day of collection, one capsule was removed from 
the cluster and found to contain larvae in the 
advanced veliger or veliconcha stage. The latter 
term was introduced (Lamy, 1933; Werner, 
1939) for fully developed veligers immediately 
Fig. 7. Views of egg capsules tentatively assigned 
to Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguiere. Maile, Oahu, 
7 February 1956. 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XV, April 1961 
Fig. 8. Egg mass of Conus pennaceus Born. Dia- 
mond Head, Oahu, 10 June 1956. 
prior to metamorphosis. The larval shells were 
pale orange pink and measured 1.2-1. 3 X 0.7 
mm. When released from the capsule, the larvae 
swam with the velar lobes up, a position ap- 
parently determined by the weight of the shell. 
The larvae closely resembled that illustrated by 
Ostergaard (1950: fig. lie). The remaining in- 
tact capsules were placed in a vessel of slowly 
circulating aerated sea water and a substratum 
of sand from the reef. 
On the following day, one larva hatched from 
an egg capsule and, in contrast with those ob- 
served by Ostergaard, was quite able to swim 
about in the dish. However, its velar lobes and 
shell aperture always pointed upward, and the 
shell often rested on the substratum. The foot 
was not employed in locomotion. On the next 
day, 10 similar free-swimming veliconchas were 
observed in the dish. Two days later, although 
larvae remained in some capsules, many had 
hatched. A sample of these was observed to be 
distributed in the container as follows: 
Freely swimming 0 
Resting on bottom with velar 
lobes extended 
Velar lobes apparently regressing 3 
Settled: crawling on substratum 38 
Dead: empty shells .. 1 
Sample size 79 
The later stages of larval development in C. 
pennaceus may be summarized as follows: the 
larvae hatch as veliconchas which may swim 
