Biology of Conus, I — Kohn 
173 
freely for about 1 day. They then rest on the 
bottom with the velar lobes extended upward 
and the cilia beating. Ostergaard’s observation 
of propulsion along the substratum by the velar 
cilia was confirmed. Then the velar lobes begin 
to be resorbed. This was observed in three larvae, 
in which the margins of the velum were wrin- 
kled and the length and width of the lobes was 
about one-half of the earlier dimensions. These 
veliconchas appeared otherwise normal. On the 
2nd day after hatching, the young snail begins 
to crawl about on its foot (Fig. 10). However, 
the velar lobes have not been completely re- 
sorbed by this time; they are often extended by 
the crawling snail. When the larva assumes the 
benthic mode of life, the shell becomes darker 
orange in color, probably due to thickening, and 
new shell growth is apparent along the outer 
iip. 
Ten days after the first hatching, the shells 
of the largest individuals measured 1.38 X 0.80 
mm. and consisted of two complete whorls. 
However, mortality gradually increased in the 
culture, no individuals advanced beyond the end 
of the second whorl, and on the 27th day after 
the first hatching only one individual remained 
alive and the observations were terminated. Post- 
larval growth of C. pennaceus has been discussed 
elsewhere (Kohn, 19597? ). 
Conus quercinus Solander 
Two clusters of egg capsules of Conus quer- 
cinus were collected in 1-2 m. of water at Sand 
(Ahuolaka) Island in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, on 
9 February 1956. The larger cluster contained 
40 capsules and was affixed to a large clump of 
the red alga, Acanthophora orientalis J. Agardh. 
Fig. 9- Views of an egg capsule of Conus pennaceus 
Born. Diamond Head, Oahu, 10 June 1956. 
Fig. 10. Settled veliconcha of Conus pennaceus 
Born. /, Foot; op, operculum; s, siphon; t, tentacle, 
bearing the eye. 
A pair of adult Conus quercivius (no. 1284, $ , 
91 X 56 mm.; no. 1285, $ ) were adjacent to 
the egg mass, and another pair and three single 
individuals were present within a radius of 1 
m. C. quercinus appears to migrate from deeper 
water and to congregate for spawning in Feb- 
ruary- April of each year (Kohn, 19597?: 81). 
At this season adults are commonly found in the 
shallow water around Sand Island, a sand bank 
which is partially exposed at low tide. At other 
seasons they are absent from this site (Kohn, 
19597?: fig. 29). The microhabitat of C. quer- 
cinus is quite distinct from those of its congeners 
in Hawaii (Kohn, 19597?). It occurs on vast 
sandy areas generally devoid of coral and rocks. 
As noted above, the egg capsules in the large 
mass were anchored to an alga. The other egg 
mass, which consisted of only three capsules, 
was affixed to a red sponge. 
The congregation of several or many individ- 
uals associated with spawning was not observed 
in any other Hawaiian species of Conus but 
has been observed in other areas and will be 
discussed more fully elsewhere (Kohn, ms). 
Most of the capsules in the large cluster were 
arranged in rows of up to eight and were affixed 
to each other by confluence of the basal plates 
(Fig. 11) as well as to the alga. A few were 
attached to previously deposited capsules, but 
this was not as common as in C. pennaceus and 
no bridges were present. The form of the cap- 
sules is rather irregular ( Fig. 11). One wall 
bears numerous small ridges; the other has two 
more distinct ridges proceeding downward from 
near the corners of the exit window. The cap- 
sule is white when deposited but, since the 
