Gonostomatidae — G rey 
475 
4a. Premaxillary teeth biserial. Lower jaw teeth biserial in anterior half. Dorsal 
origin about in middle of body length. No adipose fin. Dorsal rays 8-9. 
Anal rays 38. IV on isthmus 1+ (2) + (3) =6. VAV l+(3) + l = 
5. OA 1 - Neophos Myers 
4b. Premaxillary teeth uniserial. Lower jaw teeth uniserial? 3 Dorsal origin slightly 
behind middle of body length. Adipose fin present. Dorsal rays 11. Anal 
rays 31. IV on isthmus 3 + (3) =6. VAV ( 5 ) . OA (2) + 5 = 7 
- Thorophos Bruun 
3b. Maxillary reaching slightly past middle of eye. Anus half-way between ventral 
bases and anal origin or slightly nearer ventral bases. Dorsal rays 13-14. Anal 
rays 28-29- OP 1. SO absent. Number of IV on isthmus (2), no IV below pec- 
toral base, total number of IV 11. AC absent above the most anterior anal rays, 
total number 7-8. IC 22-23. No OA. (Dorsal origin well behind middle of 
body length. Adipose fin present.) Araiophos, new genus 
2b. Anal origin behind or below last dorsal ray. Ventral bases below dorsal fin. IV on 
isthmus curving upward posteriorly. Total number of AC 22-26. IC 45-49. Dorsal 
rays 6. Anal rays 24-25. Gill rakers on first arch 10-12 + 1 + 2 = 13-15, only 
1 in angle. (Dorsal origin well in advance of middle of body length. Anus about 
half-way between ventral bases and anal fin or slightly nearer anal. Adipose fin 
present or absent. SO absent. Total number of IV 18, (3) -f (4) on isthmus. AC 
present above the most anterior anal rays. Vertebrae 38.) Danaphos Bruun 
lb. AC composed of 2 to 5 groups of 2 or more photophores each ( 1 separate organ present 
anteriorly only in Maurolicus ) . ( Two gill rakers in angle of first arch. ) 
5a. AC in 3 to 6 groups of 2 to 4 small photophores each. IV (3) + (4) on isthmus, 
(16-17) on abdomen, total 23-24. VAV (4-5). Gill rakers on first arch 12 + 2- 
3 ™ 14—15. (Anal origin below or slightly in advance of dorsal origin. Adipose 
fin present. Anus closer to anal origin than ventral bases. No SO. No AC above the 
most anterior anal rays. Vertebrae 32-33?.) V alenciennellus Jordan and Evermann 
5b. AC in 2 or 3 groups of 5 or more photophores each. IV (6, rarely 7) on isthmus, 
(10-13) on abdomen, total 16-19. VAV (6-8), or joined to anterior group of AC 
( Argyripnus ) . Gill rakers on first arch 12-22 + 3-8 = 16-30. 
6a. Anus about half-way between ventral bases and anal fin or nearer ventrals. 
Dorsal origin about in middle of body length. SO absent. Lower posterior OP 
greatly enlarged. IV (6, rarely 7) + (10, rarely 9 or 11) = 16 (rarely 15 or 
17 ) . Total number of OA 6-7. 
7a. No adipose fin. VAV (7-8), well separated from AC. AC in 2 long groups 
or 3 short groups, absent above the most anterior anal rays. Dorsal rays 
8-9. (Vertebrae 40 and ?.) Sonoda Grey 
7b. Adipose fin well developed. VAV grouped with photophores above the 
most anterior anal rays, this group numbering (18-28) in adult. Dorsal 
rays 10-14. (Vertebrae 47 and ?.) Argyripnus Gilbert and Cramer 
6b. Anus near anal fin. Dorsal origin well behind middle of body length. SO present. 
Lower posterior op of normal size, iv (6) + ( 12-13) = 18-19. Total number 
of OA 9 (rarely 10). (Adipose fin present. AC present above the most anterior 
anal rays, in 2 groups of (14-18) and (7-9) photophores, preceded by a sin- 
gle elevated organ. Vertebrae 32-33.) Maurolicus Cocco 
' 5 Premaxillary and lower jaw bones lost from only specimen of Thorophos examined. 
