492 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XV, October 1961 
chiliensis is either dark with a lighter area in 
the posterior region of that fin or is uniformly 
dark. The bodies of all juvenile S. chiliensis 
examined are striped vertically. This also ap- 
plies to other species of Sarda (Kishinouye, 
1923; de Buen, 1930; Furnestin et al., 1958; 
Klawe and Shimada, 1959). A 160 mm. in- 
dividual of S. chiliensis is illustrated in Figure 
4. The vertical striations still persist. According 
to VildosA|(1955), these vertical bars are re- 
placed by-pblique markings characteristic of S. 
chiliensis at an approximate length of 320 mm. 
It should be mentioned that adult Sarda chilien- 
sis, when captured, briefly exhibit dusky ver- 
tical bands quite like those on preserved juve- 
niles, although not as intense. The body shape of 
the specimen illustrated in Figure 4 is like that 
of an adult. The pigmentation of the pelvic fins 
at this size is confined only to the more basal 
portion. 
As the gill rakers are one of the characteristics 
used for separating adults of S. chiliensis from 
S' orientalis, it is important to establish at what 
length they develop and at what length the 
final complement is attained. The gill raker 
counts for adult fish are 7 to 10 + 12 to 19 
for S. chiliensis 3 and 2 to 3 + 6 to 10 for S. 
orientalis . Some idea can be obtained from the 
following counts made on several smaller S'. 
chiliensis caught off Peru and Chile. 
SIZE, 
mm. 
NO. OF 
GILL RAKERS 
SIZE, 
mm. 
NO. OF 
GILL RAKERS 
34 
7 + 1 + 15 
89 
7 + 1 + 17 
36 
7 + 1 + 15 
94 
9+1 + 16 
37 
4+1 + 16 
106 
7+1 + 15 
39 
5 + 1 + 14 
111 
8 + 1 + 17 
41 
7 + 1 + 15 
128 
9+1 + 17 
44 
7+1 + 16 
129 
7 + 1 + 15 
70 
7 + 1 + 18 
135 | 
7 + 1 + 15 
CONCLUSIONS 
All evidence indicates that spawning of S. 
chiliensis takes place in the warmer season off 
California, Baja California, Peru, and northern 
3 Author examined 25 specimens of S. chiliensis 
caught off San Diego, California, on September 22, 
1959, ranging in length from 330 mm. to 380 mm. 
The gill raker counts for this group of fish were 7 to 
9+1 + 15 to 18. 
Chile. It appears that it should be possible to 
distinguish between juveniles of S. chiliensis 
and S. orientalis by means of gill raker counts 
even at a relatively small size. 
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