Acanthmus triostegus sandvicensis — RANDALL 
the vessel to the next area and which apparently 
returned to the home area. One was caught at 
Wailupe, released at Black Point, and caught 
again at Wailupe. The same fish was not released 
the second time until the Kuliouou area was 
entered. It was caught a third time back at Wai- 
lupe. Another Wailupe manini was released op- 
posite the KULA antenna and was recovered at 
Wailupe. Two fish were caught at Black Point, 
released farther offshore at Kahala, and caught 
again at Black Point. The remaining 6 records 
are as follows: 1 fish supposedly migrated from 
Kuliouou to Wailupe; another went from the 
KULA antenna to Niu Valley; 2 apparently went 
from Kuliouou to Wailupe; the last 2 swam 
from Black Point to Kuliouou. The possibility 
of error must be kept foremost in mind for all 
of these apparent migrations. The 2 manini 
which moved from Black Point to Kuliouou 
were both caught by Kaolulo on the same day, 
which seems unusual. 
In view of the manner in which the locality 
data have been reported, it is surprising that 
more alleged migrations have not taken place. 
It is therefore concluded that extensive migra- 
tions of this surgeonfish probably do not nor- 
mally occur. 
Of the 172 tagged manini which were released 
a second time 125 were set free on Kewalo 
Basin. Twelve of these have been recovered. 
One was taken between piers 7 and 8 in Hono- 
lulu Harbor. The rest were all captured either 
at Kewalo or in the Diamond Head direction. 
One was taken from a tuna boat in the basin, 
and 2 off the Kewalo breakwater. One locality 
reads Ala Moana and another Ala Wai. One 
manini was caught by Kaolulo with no record 
of locality. Since his nearest trap is off the 
Yacht Basin, this fish must have migrated at 
least this far. One manini released at Kewalo 
was caught at a depth of 30 ft. directly off the 
Royal Hawaiian Hotel. A fish from Black Point 
was caught 6 months later at wading depth off 
Diamond Head not far from Black Point. The 
most interesting recoveries of Kewalo-released 
fish are 2 from Kuliouou which were originally 
captured at Kuliouou and 1 at Wailupe which 
was first caught off Wailupe. Although, again, 
the possibility of error must be kept in mind, it 
seems unlikely that the only 3 examples of ex- 
263 
tensive migration (about 8 mi.), all of which 
occurred among the 12 fish recovered following 
release at Kewalo Basin, could be mistakes. One 
of the Kuliouou manini was recorded from this 
area by tag number by Kaolulo. When ques- 
tioned of any chance of error, he insisted there 
could be no mistake. An interval of 3M> months 
elapsed between its release in Kewalo and its 
final capture. The other Kuliouou fish was ob- 
tained from the Young Market in Honolulu. 
The interval between the release and capture of 
this fish was 16 days. The Wailupe fish was re- 
covered by Kaolulo 1 month after release in Ke- 
walo Basin. The locality was reported verbally. 
The intriguing interpretation of these 3 records 
of long migration is that at least some manini 
removed from their home area will continue to 
wander on the reef until they return. Three 
records are too few on which to base such a con- 
clusion; therefore more data should be obtained 
by purposely displacing tagged manini consider- 
able distances from the original area of capture. 
Aggregations 
Adult manini are often observed in large feed- 
ing aggregations which slowly move over the 
bottom. These groups of fish may be dense and 
cover areas more than 50 ft. in diameter. What 
appears to be the same school was repeatedly 
seen in the same general location at the north- 
western end of Manana Island. This group of 
fish was observed in the area in fall as well as 
during the breeding season. The behavior of in- 
dividual manini of the school did not seem to 
differ from that of solitary adults. 
One school of about 300 adult Acanthmus 
triostegus triostegus was observed in the north- 
east side of the pass at Takaroa, Tuamotu Archi- 
pelago, over a period of a week. The school 
moved as a close-knit mass several feet off the 
bottom, stopping frequently for periods of sev- 
eral minutes to graze algae. One or two Aulos- 
tomus chinensis were observed to accompany the 
school, and the manini were almost constantly 
harassed by Acanthurus glaucopareius which 
chased individual fish. The school moved as 
much as 300 yd. in several hours. 
Juvenile manini are gregarious and are often 
seen swimming in groups. One group of 1 1 in- 
dividuals, all less than about 36 mm. in standard 
