Folliculinids of Ago Bay, Japan — Matthews 
247 
rustic a and, although a few were taken near its 
large opening, most were far removed from the 
opening, indicating that swimmers of this spe- 
cies, as well as attached adults, prefer little light. 
Figure 1 6 A is a ventral view of P. paguri 
showing the division of the horizontally at- 
tached lorica into a distal vestibular portion 
(<?) with short neck (d) and wide collar (c), 
and a proximal portion (h) with a strong spur 
(7). Generally the length of the distal portion, 
including neck and collar, about equals the 
proximal portion including the spur, but oc- 
casionally either one may surpass the other. 
Almost without exception, the proximal portion 
is wider than the distal portion. Both Giard 
(1888:P1. 20) and Faure-Fremiet (1936:356, 
fig. 6) mention and figure a pronounced, trans- 
verse median wrinkle separating distal from 
proximal portions of the lorica. Superficially the 
loricae of the Ago Bay material likewise seem 
to be so demarked. However, a lateral view 
(Fig. 1 6B) drawn from many hundred speci- 
mens shows that the left, heavily reinforced in- 
vagination of the lorica (/) does not continue, 
even as a slight depression, across the ventral 
surface of the lorica. And while this disparity 
may one day justify the creation of a new spe- 
cies, perhaps it is best for the present to wait 
until the presence of this groove in previously 
described material is actually demonstrated. 
The short but well-developed neck ( d ) pos- 
sesses no longitudinal stripes, spiral whorls, 
bands, or closures. 
The peristomal lobes taper distally and termi- 
nate bluntly without finger-like projections. 
When extended, the left (Fig. 1 6A, a ) is com- 
monly held at right angles to the longitudinal 
axis of the body, whereas the right ( b ) is com- 
monly carried over the ventral surface, parallel 
to the longitudinal axis of the body. 
The nucleus is moniliform and usually con- 
sists of 11 or 12 rather easily observed beads 
Is)- 
The non-spatulate foot is always attached at 
the bottom of the well developed spur (/) 
whose walls, like those of the lateral invagina- 
tions, are often strongly reinforced. 
The living animal is bottle-green. The peri- 
stomal lobes and distal portion of the body are 
often lighter than the proximal portion. Espe- 
cially is this evident in contracted, alcohol- 
preserved material. 
FOLLICULINIDS AS FOOD FOR THE EPIFAUNA 
of P. martensii 
Material and Methods 
Of the folliculinids forming a part of P. 
martensii epifauna, the following were suspect, 
prima facie, of prey-predator relationships: 
Ascohious sileni 
Bugula dentata, Spirorbis sp. 
Folliculinopsis annulata 
Spirorbis foraminosus 
Lagotia expansa Heterotanais sp. 
L. expansa var. depressa 
Spirorbis foraminosus, Heterotanais sp. 
L. spirorbis Spirorbis foraminosus 
L. viridis Heterotanais sp. 
Metafolliculina andrewsi 
Balanus amphitriti, Heterotanais sp. 
Parafolliculina amphora 
Cymodoce japonic a 
P. violaceae 
Spirorbis sp., Balanus amphitrite, 
Heterotanais sp. 
With two possible exceptions ( Heterotanais 
sp. and Cymodoce japonica ) the suspected 
predators were all filter-feeders. And, although 
these could not conceivably prey on the adult, 
sessile, lorica-protected folliculinids with which 
they were so closely associated, the possibility 
still remained that motile "swimmers” of fol- 
liculinids might be swept into the feeding cur- 
rents of filter- feeders. With the exception of 
P. violaceae (to be described subsequently) 
"swimmers” of these folliculinids were not avail- 
able for feeding experiments. Therefore, living, 
attached folliculinids were removed from their 
lorica by gently tapping or applying pressure 
to the proximal end of the sac (Matthews, 
1964:229). These were broken into tiny pieces 
and teased directly into the currents of suspected 
filter- feeders. 
Most folliculinid pigment granules are easily 
discernible using low power, light microscopy, 
and their presence in digestive tract smears 
would clearly indicate predation. To this end, 
larger, suspected predators were dissected and 
the contents of their digestive tracts smeared 
