Cyclops kolensis in North America — Reed 
263 
TABLE 7 
Summary of 1 Factor Analysis of Variance of Cyclops kolensis from Grosser Ploner 
See, Aneboda, and Lake Baikal 
SUM OF 
DEGREES 
MEAN 
ITEM 
SOURCE 
SQUARES 
FREEDOM 
SQUARES 
F VALUE 
Inner med. seta as % 
Main effect 
5,068 
2 
568.5 
.855 
inner seta 
Deviation 
10,966 
15 
664.53 
Total 
16,034 
Outer med. seta as % 
Main effect 
259 
2 
36.87 
4.691 
inner med. seta 
Deviation 
264.39 
15 
7.86 
Total 
523.39 
Length to insertion 
Main effect 
3.71 
2 
.135 
.474 
lateral seta % of 
Deviation 
40.13 
15 
2.85 
f ureal length 
Total 
43.84 
Length of inner medial 
Main effect 
28,374 
2 
2669-5 
4.942 
seta as % furcal 
Deviation 
8,101 
15 
540.2 
length 
Total 
36,375 
Width of furca as % 
Main effect 
7.36 
2 
.80 
.777 
length 
Deviation 
16.99 
15 
1.03 
Total 
24.35 
Inner seta as % of 
Main effect 
1136 
2 
149 
1.502 
outer seta 
Deviation 
1404 
15 
99.2 
Total 
2540 
Inner seta as % ramus 
Main effect 
1107 
2 
115.38 
2.717 
Deviation 
2766 
15 
42.47 
Total 
3873 
Outer seta as % ramus 
Main effect 
74,479 
2 
14.36 
.666 
Deviation 
308 
15 
21.57 
Total 
74,787 
under the ice in February and March ; a smaller 
population peak occurred in early summer. 
Later, Kozminski (1936) reported that C. 
kolensis appeared to thrive best in the eutrophic 
bays of Lake Wigry and in other eutrophic lakes 
of the region. In the open oligotrophic areas 
of Lake Wigry it occurred sparingly and seemed 
to avoid small dystrophic ponds. He also found 
that the species congregated in almost oxygen- 
free water near the bottom of Lake Wigry in 
February and March. 
Herbst (1955) reported C. kolensis to be 
monocyclic with maximum numbers in March 
and April in Grosser Ploner See. Kozhov 
(1963) states that in Lake Baikal it occurs 
abundantly throughout the year in large bays 
and gulfs that are cooled by waters from the 
open lake. It occurs only during cold seasons in 
well sheltered bays which at other times appar- 
ently become too warm for it; however, he 
further states that in years when the water 
masses of the open lake become warmer than 
usual, C. kolensis spreads in increased numbers 
through all the open waters. Judging from the 
temperature data given by Kozhov the upper 
limit for the species is about 18°-20° C, and 
in Lake Baikal the optimum may be about 
12°-14° C. Kozminski (1936) noted that 
Lilljeborg also recorded taking it in a shallow, 
relatively warm upland lake in July. 
C. vicinus is reported to be a pond-dwelling 
species (Kozminski, 1934). Kiefer (1937) 
found sexually mature males and females in a 
small Manchurian lake in August. Rylov 
(1935) stated that C. vicinus occurs in the 
plankton of lakes and in small ponds. Gurney 
(1933) noted that in Britain the species is 
found in the plankton of "lakes and in small 
duck ponds” and seemed to be confined to 
eutrophic waters. Kozhov (1963) reported C. 
