30 
not far from the source of the Esk, and flows down Kildale, past Stokes- 
ley and Ayton ; the other on the slope of Burton Head, the loftiest of 
East Yorkshire summits. The united streams wind towards the west, and 
soon receive, on the north, the Tame, which rises on Eston Nab and flows 
past Ormesby and Nunthorpe ; and on the south several inconsiderable 
feeders from the banks of Dromanby and Carlton. At Budby, the Leven 
is joined by the stream which drains Scugdale, and turns in a northern 
direction. After flowing past Hilton and Kirklevington, it enters the Tees 
below Yarm. 
Surface. — The summit of the drainage of this district, on the east and 
south, along Boseberry Topping (1022 feet), Burton Head (1485 feet), 
Wainstones (1800 feet), Cranimoor (1428 feet), Dromanby Bank and Carl- 
ton Bank (1325 feet), is included in the middle zone; but the surface 
descends abruptly, and the whole of the remainder of the district, though 
considerably undulated, does not rise above the lower zone. 
Structure. — The southern summits consist of a series of arenaceous 
and argillaceous deposits, corresponding to the Bath oolite of the south 
of England. Below these, a broad band of the shales and marlstones 
of the lias extends from the coast at Marske, along the upper branch of 
the Leven, to Osmotherley. The north-western portion of the district is 
included in the great central vale. 
No. IV.— ESK. 
Drainage. — The Esk is formed by the junction of two streams which 
unite near Castleton. The northern of these rises in the neighbourhood 
of Boseberry Topping, not far from the head of the Leven, and flows 
down Sleddale and Commondale. The southern is supplied by the drain- 
age of Baysdale and the two divisions of Westerdale. From their point 
of junction, the river flows due east for about fifteen miles, through a 
well-wooded valley, interesting alike to the botanist and the antiquarian. 
It is joined by numerous rivulets during its course, each of which takes 
its name from the dale through which it runs. Between Castleton and 
the town of Egton are Danbydale, Fryopdale, and Glaisedale on the south, 
and Stonegate Gill on the north, each three or four miles in length. At 
Grosmont Bridge the Esk is joined by a branched and more considerable 
