pinna may be circular, oval, or quite irregular 
with a slit-like projection. The proportions of 
these parts and the shape of the opening are 
fairly constant and hence are useful in taxo- 
nomic work. 
The wing-pads (Fig. 1, W) appear as flat 
oblong plates arising behind the bases of the 
trumpets and extending caudad and ventrad. 
The metanotum is readily distinguished as a 
plate set off by sutures from the rest of the 
cephalothorax cephalad of the first abdominal 
tergite. The metanotum consists of a pair of 
triangular plates enclosing the halteres (Fig. 1, 
Ha ) and connected dorsally by a narrow bridge. 
Abdomen. — The abdomen is dorso-ventrally 
compressed and exceedingly flexible in this 
direction. It is the only part of the pupa in 
which segmentation is readily recognizable. 
Each segment has a sclerotized tergum and 
sternum, and successive segments are joined 
shingle fashion by soft intersegmental mem- 
branes. 
Nine segments are visible dorsally (Fig. 3). 
The first eight correspond in general, but seg- 
ments I and VIII are usually smaller and modi- 
fied for articulation with the metanotum and 
paddles respectively. Segment I further differs 
from the others in the sclerotization of its ter- 
gum, being conspicuously thicker along the 
cephalic and lateral margins, the center being 
thinly sclerotized and bearing the float-hairs 
( Fig. 3 ? FI ) . The center is reinforced by a pair 
of oblique antero-laterally projecting strongly 
sclerotized ridges and a heavily sclerotized 
bridge which extends from the cephalic margin 
to the caudal margin of the tergum. 
The median caudal projection of the eighth 
tergite which overhangs the paddles probably 
represents the ninth segment fused immovably 
to the eighth. 
The median caudal projection of the eighth 
sternite which lies ventrad of the paddles is 
interpreted as the tenth segment since it con- 
tains the developing external genitalia of the 
imago. 
Thus, the paddles are attached to segment 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. Ill, January, 1949 
Fig. 3. Generalized abdomen of anopheline pupa 
in dorsal view (right half). 
