Mosquitoes of New Guinea — PENN 
7 
Fig. 4. Generalized abdomen of culicine pupa in 
dorsal view (right half). 
VIII in a groove along the caudal edge of the 
segment. The paddles articulate freely only in a 
lateral direction, and as a rule are broadly oval, 
dorso-ventrally flattened plates. They are usually 
strengthened by a thickened outer buttress, 
which extends partially around the lateral mar- 
gin from the base, and by a median thickened 
midrib which extends from the base to the 
apex; the medial and caudal margins are never 
reinforced by a buttress. These latter margins 
may, however, be either entire, denticulate, or 
fringed with hairs along part or all of their 
extent. The hairs forming the fringe are always 
mere processes from the edge of the paddle 
without articulated bases. Near the apex of the 
paddle one or two setae may be present. These 
are usually designated as the terminal seta 
(Figs. 3 and 4, x) and the accessory seta (Figs. 
3 and 4, z). The shape of the paddle, presence 
or absence of the terminal and accessory setae, 
and the nature of the margins have long been 
recognized and used as valuable features in 
taxonomic work. 
Chaetotaxy 
Macfie (1920: 161-169) stated that the 
pupa of Aedes aegypti is furnished with 100 
pairs of setae, 12 pairs of which he found on 
the cephalothorax, and 88 pairs on the abdo- 
men. In addition, Macfie determined that the 
chaetotaxy varies with right and left sides of 
the same individual, but that it is the same for 
pupae of different ages and that neither sex 
exceeds the normal variations of the species. 
Several different systems of designating pupal 
setae have evolved since Macfie’s paper. All 
of them, however, are based fundamentally on 
Macfie’s system. These include the systems of 
Senevet (1930: 297-382), Baisas (1936: 65- 
84; 1938: 175-232), and Edwards (1941: 
354-428). Rozeboom and Knight (1946: 95- 
131) recently originated an entirely new sys- 
tem for the abdominal setae only. 
The following generalized description of 
pupal chaetotaxy follows mainly the modified 
system of Baisas. 
