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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. Ill, July, 1949 
gether forming collaret ring. Tentacles further 
provided with curved, spinose, club-like spicules, 
and pinnulae with smaller straight spindles. Coe- 
nenchyma covered with irregular elongate plates 
very closely fitted as in mosaic. These orna- 
mented with low protuberances, quite spinose 
near the calyces. Axis horny, flexible, yellowish- 
brown in color. Spicules of anthocodiae color- 
less, those of stems grayish white. Colony as a 
whole brownish-gray in color, with verrucae 
darker. 
Spicule measurements: 
Coenenchyma: 0.32 X 0.11 mm.; 0.39 X 0.15 
mm.; 0.38 X 0.15 mm.; 0.41 X 0.14 mm.; 
0.94 X 0.42 mm.; 1.5 X 0.5 mm. 
Calyx marginals: 0.67 X 0.24 mm.; 0.66 X 0.24 
mm.; 0.45 X 0.10 mm. 
Opercular: 0.665 X 0.1 mm.; 0.565 X 0.08 mm.; 
0.3 X 0.065 mm. 
Tentacular: 0.36 X 0.06 mm.; 0.36 X 0.065 
mm.; 0.36 X 0.05 mm. 
Collaret: 0.6 X 0.1 mm.; 0.5 X 0.05 mm.; 
0.42 X 0.035 mm.; 0.415 X 0.06 mm. 
Locality: Station 30. 
Specimens: U.S.N.M. No. 44078, preserved 
in alcohol. 
Remarks: The Resurvey Collection contains a 
moderately large example of this species (85 
mm. in height and 77 mm. in width) consisting 
of two stems which arise from the spreading, 
encrusting base covering a branch of coral. The 
lateral branches arise at intervals of 10 to 15 
mm. along the main stem, occasionally more or 
less. There is also a small colony 35 mm. in 
height which differs in no essential detail. It 
may be observed that this species will not key 
out satisfactorily in Kiikenthal’s key to the genus 
Paracis. 
Genus Muricella A. E. Verrill 
Muricella englemani new species 
Fig. 2 d-h; PI. 2, fig. 1 
Diagnosis: Colony erect, spreading, flabellate, 
branched in one plane. Anastomosis frequent 
and irregular. Branches sinuous, knotty in places, 
with tendency to flatten at almost any angle to 
the plane of branching, varying with position in 
the colony. Main stem, before dividing, and 
smallest twigs, round in cross section. Twigs 
tend toward an opposite arrangement on 
branches. Larger branches 1.5 X 3.0 mm. in 
diameter, twigs 1.0 mm. Zooids small, on all 
sides of the colony, in short tubular verrucae, 
latter 1.0 mm. high by 0.7 mm. wide. Verrucal 
margin formed of eight points of one or more 
pairs of bent spindles which do not close over 
the tentacles in retraction. Tentacles with small, 
often curved, sparsely warted spindles. Coe- 
nenchyma thin, covered with layer of large, often 
twisted spindles, irregularly and densely warted 
on all sides; deeper layer of generally smaller 
spindles between them. Axis completely horny, 
dark brown or black in color, visible through 
crust-like layer of cortical spicules. 
Spicule measurements: 
Spindles from verrucal points: 0.58 X 0.06 mm.; 
0.87 X 0.10 mm. 
Spindles from tentacles: 0.16 X 0.02 mm.; 0.21 
X 0.05 mm.; 0.08 X 0.02 mm. 
Spindles from coenenchyma: 0.60 X 0.11 mm.; 
0.49 X 0.09 mm.; 2.07 X 0.27 mm. 
Locality: Station 9. 
Specimen: The holotype, dry, U.S.N.M. No. 
44079; branches of same, in alcohol, U.S.N.M. 
No. 44080. 
Remarks: The type is a large, nearly perfect 
colony 260 mm. in height by 400 mm. in width. 
It is attached by a trunk 5 mm. in diameter 
to a piece of coral rock. The base is not ex- 
panded. 
Genus Echinogorgia Kolliker 
Echinogorgia russelli new species 
Figs. Id, 4c; PL 3, fig. 4 
Diagnosis: Colony erect, flabellate, branched 
in one plane. Branching alternate to irregular, 
with frequent anastomosis, forming open net- 
work. End twigs 1.25 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, 
bent upward, somewhat thickened at tips. Larger 
branches 2.0 to 2.5 mm. in diameter, flattened 
at right angles to plane of branching. Antho- 
codiae retractile into low, dome-like verrucae, 
1 mm. in diameter by 0.5 mm. or less in height, 
closely placed on all sides of branches and twigs, 
