238 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. Ill, July, 1949 
in bud but separating at maturity, thin to thick, 
navicular, pilosulose, hairs appressed or erect, 
few to many, hairs straight or uncinate, 2-6 mm. 
long, 1-2 mm. wide, filaments 2-5 mm. long, 
folded inward in bud, strap-shaped, anthers two- 
celled, reniform, each sac 0.8-2 mm. long, 0.5-1 
mm. wide. 
KEYS TO THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF 
NERAUDIA 
Instructions for Use of Keys 
As collected, plants of this genus may be 
sterile, may have staminate flowers or pistillate 
flowers, may lack fruit, or may have both pistil- 
late flowers and fruit. Because of this variety, 
keys which are intended to identify plants 
collected in any condition have been constructed. 
There undoubtedly will be collections which 
may prove troublesome but it is felt that the 
keys, if carefully used, will identify collections 
of the groups recognized. The heading of each 
key indicates the type of collection for which 
the key was constructed. In all cases the char- 
acters used in the keys apply to mature, dried, 
normally developed structures and it is im- 
portant to recall this when attempting to use the 
keys. For example, the achene characters which 
are important appear sometimes only in the 
completely mature achenes. 
In this study a dissecting microscope has been 
used and those who use the keys must do like- 
wise. The necessary magnifications for studying 
pubescence and flowers in this genus are about 
36-72 X, whereas pedicels or achene details 
can best be observed with about 12 X magnifica- 
tion. The details of the reticulation of the leaves 
have been used in the keys; the reticulation is 
most readily and accurately observed by holding 
a leaf against a strong light source, with or 
without magnification. 
The length of the hairs has been referred to 
in some places as "short” or "long”: the term 
"long” refers to hairs of about 1-2 mm. or 
longer; the term "short” refers to those con- 
siderably less than 1 mm. long. 
The first key is based upon typical, full- 
flowering material and should be used in at- 
tempting to identify such material only. Col- 
lections in the vegetative state or in a state of 
transition between vegetative activity and flow- 
ering should be identified by Key II. 
Glossary of Terms Employed 
Basal portion — -applied to the lower expanded 
portion of the achene. 
Depressed-conic— -applied to the apical portion 
of some of the achenes which appear to have 
been depressed apically so that the sides are 
rounded and bulging. 
Interval — the portion of a leaf blade enclosed 
by any degree of branching of the venation, 
e. g., a primary interval is that part of the 
leaf blade within a part of the primary branch- 
ing. 
Perigynium — the calyx of the pistillate flower 
fused into a bladder which surrounds the 
ovary. 
Pilosulose- — pilose, but with the hairs short. 
Primary branches — first degree of branching 
of the principal veins. 
Principal veins—midrib and two equally 
strong laterals. 
Puberulent — covered with fine and short, al- 
most imperceptible down. 
Sericeous — -covered with many shining, silky, 
appressed or sub-erect, straight hairs. 
Triplinerved — principal veins diverging any 
distance above the leaf base. 
KEY I 
General Key to Species and Varieties of Neraudia 
1. Lower leaf surface glabrous, sub- 
glabrous with only few hairs 
largely restricted to venation, or 
with long, evenly distributed, 
appressed or sub-appressed hairs . 2 
Lower leaf surface evenly puberu- 
lent, sericeous, or pilosulose with 
more or less dense cover of ir- 
regularly curving and bending 
hairs 7 
2(1). Flowers of one or both sexes all, or 
at least some, pedicelled; pedicels 
0.5-2 mm. long. 3 
Flowers of both sexes sessile. .... 5 
