Genus Neraudia — -COWAN 
263 
ally only acute. Pistillate flowers sessile, calyx 
pilosulose, with dense covering of appressed to 
sub-erect hairs and shorter, erect, uncinate hairs, 
beak expanded or attenuate apically, four- 
toothed or three-toothed and collar-form; stigma 
4-7 mm. long, receptive on all surfaces. Achene 
2-3 mm. long, apical portion depressed conic, 
separated from basal portion by complete, ob- 
tuse, or acute constriction, basal portion raised 
and sometimes somewhat lobed, about 3 mm. in 
diameter, outer margin involute; seed ovoid 
with lateral, transverse constriction. Staminate 
flowers sessile or on pedicels 1 mm. or less in 
length, calyx pilosulose with dense covering 
of appressed and erect hairs, with shorter, erect, 
uncinate hairs intermixed, lobes membranous, 
with long-acuminate apex, 3.0-4. 5 mm. long, 
1.0-1. 5 mm. wide; pistil rudiment 0. 3-1.0 mm. 
long, filaments 3-5 mm. long, 0.5-0.75 mm. 
wide, anther sacs 1-2 mm. long, 0.5- 1.0 mm. 
wide. 
Type: Gaudichaud, "In insulis Sandwicensi- 
bus.” (Type deposited in Museum National 
d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris [P}.) 
Range : Island of Hawaii, dry parts of lava 
fields 1,000-3,000 feet altitude. 
Specimens examined 
Data complete: Peter Lee Road near Half- 
Way House, Fagerlund and Mitchell 842 (Ho) ; 
Kau, Rock 8776 (Ho, GH) ; Kapua, MacDaniels 
(Ho); Kanahaha, Kona, Forbes 361-H (Ho); 
Puuwaawaa, Forbes 28-H (Ho); North Kona, 
below Lind’s Place and Puuwaawaa branch road, 
Skottsberg 1956 (Ho); Puuwaawaa, Degener 
18187 (NY); North Kona, Puuwaawaa, Skot- 
tsberg 673 (Ho); Puuwaawaa, Yt mile west of 
Puu Anahulu, Cowan 483-486 (Ho); Puuwaa- 
waa, North Kona, Fagerlund and Mitchell 1019 
(Ho); Huehue, North Kona, Rock 4015 (Ho) 
( 4013-4017 [GH, Ho}); North Kona, vicinity 
of Huehue near main road, Selling 3203 (Ho) ; 
Huehue, North Kona, Frederick (Ho); North 
Kona, near Lind’s Place, Skottsberg 1962 
(Ho); Huehue, Meebold (Ho); Near Huehue 
Ranch, Kaupulehu, Cowan et al. 477-482 (Ho) . 
The leaf shape in this species is variable 
and though it is not always ovate as Gaudichaud 
supposed, there is a tendency in that direction. 
The material on which Gaudichaud based his 
description shows leaves which are predomi- 
nantly broadly ovate but the many later col- 
lections show the inconstancy of this character. 
In several of the collections a few or all the 
leaves are elliptic but the extreme of this con- 
dition is reached in Coiuan et al. 485 in which 
the leaves are narrow elliptic with a long- 
acuminate apex and cuneate base and the peti- 
oles average longer than in the remainder of 
the material. A group of some status might 
be segregated on these differences but I have 
not been convinced of the justification of such 
a segregation. 
Fig. 16. Leaf outlines to show variation in leaf 
shape in Neraudia ovata Gaud. 
The shape and size of the achene are gen- 
erally constant, at least in the involution of 
the outer margin of the basal portion. How- 
ever, in Forbes 28-H and 361-H the outer 
margin is thin and plane instead of strongly 
involute as is typical. 
This species is unlike any other group in 
the genus in its vining or clambering habit. 
From limited observations, it seems that the 
plants remain more or less erect shrubs with 
lax, arcuate, branches until of considerable 
size. That the vine-like habit is characteristic 
is indicated by several very large (up to 7 m. 
long) plants which were observed to be clam- 
bering over and into adjacent Metrosideros 
trees. Ten collections of the group were made 
on Hawaii during December, 1946. The plants 
were found growing in dry soil or out of 
