12 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. IV, January, 1950 
described species of sponge which I regard 
as congeneric with kaneohe\ it is definitely 
closely related. Yet this undescribed sponge 
has somewhat commonplace arcuate chelas 
as its chief point of separation from kaneohe, 
and therefore it approaches the genus Xytop - 
saga. On the other hand, Xytopsaga has 
much coarser structure and seems to be con- 
fined to the Antarctic region. 
The generic name is based upon a modi- 
fication of the older name Xytopsihis. 
Xytopsiphum kaneohe new species 
Fig. 5 
The holotype of this species is designated as 
spirit-preserved specimen, U. S. National Mu- 
seum, Register Number 22742. It was col- 
lected January 10, 1948, at Moku O Loe, in 
the shadow of the walk along the south side 
of the series of small artificial lagoons, east 
of the dock, depth about 1 meter, location 
number 4 on the map. Another specimen 
was collected on September 27, 1947, in 
Waialua Bay, Oahu, at a depth of about 6 
meters, on dead coral. 
Both specimens were thin encrustations 
1 to 5 mm. thick, covering areas of between 
10 and 20 square cm. The type was very 
dark, almost black, but the color promptly 
dissolved out (and disappeared) in alcohol, 
leaving a pale grayish-pink specimen. Many 
sponges have a melanotic pigment, but it is 
quite resistant to alcohol. It may be that the 
dark hue of this specimen was due to some 
foreign material on the surface. The other 
specimen was reddish-brown, mottled. In al- 
cohol it has become the same dull color as 
the type. The consistency is soft. 
The surface of this species is relatively 
smooth, and the pores are not evident, prob- 
ably due to rapid closing. On the Waialua 
specimen there is a surface hole, 0.5 mm. in 
diameter, with slightly raised rim, that may 
or may not be an oscule. Otherwise (and 
chiefly) the species is lipostomous, as are 
many thin encrusting sponges. 
The ectosome is semidetachable, rendering 
family allocation of the genus difficult. There 
are many spicules tangentially placed in the 
dermis, but these are the same as the mega- 
scleres of the interior. The endosome is dense 
with spicule tracts that range up to 50g in 
diameter, 150 spicules per cross section, spon- 
gin dubiously present. 
o B 
Fig. 5. Xytopsiphum kaneohe, spicules, from a 
camera lucida drawing, X 400. A > strongyles; 
B, sigmoid microscleres, probably reduced arcuate 
isochelas. 
The megascleres are straight strongyles, 3 
to 4 g thick, 200 to 210 /x long. In one 
place in the Waialua specimen there are de- 
formed but otherwise commonplace arcuate 
chelas; their absence from the rest of the spe- 
cimen would indicate that they are foreign. 
In both specimens there are very abundant 
peculiar microscleres that are to be regarded 
as arcuate chelas, but the clads are so small 
that one obtains a first impression that these 
are sigmas. On the other hand, they are not 
at all contorted, as most sigmas are, but lie 
in one plane. These distinctive microscleres 
have a chord length of 15 g in the Waialua 
specimen, but of only 10 g in the type 
specimen. 
The species name given refers to the type 
locality. 
Callyspongia diffusa (Ridley) Burton 
Fig. 6 
This species was first studied in Hawaii on 
September 10, 1947, at the dock at Moku O 
Loe (location 6, Fig. 2). This specimen is 
deposited in the U. S. National Museum 
Register Number 22741. The species was 
found again on September 27, 1947, at 
Waialua Bay, and thereafter several times in 
various places in Kaneohe Bay, where it is 
