Sponges of Kaneohe Bay — DE Laubenfels 
moderately common. The shape is typically 
ramose, but juvenile specimens are tempo- 
rarily encrusting. The branches are about 6 
mm. in diameter, and often more than 12 cm. 
high. Three to five branches occur in the 
average mass. The color, in life, is dull drab 
with more or less lavender tinges; the more 
the sponge was exposed to light, the more 
lavender it shows. The consistency is very 
spongy. 
The surface is superficially smooth. The 
pores in the protoplasmic dermis are often 
40 g in diameter. The oscules are 4 to 6 mm. 
in diameter, with raised rims often 3 mm. 
high. 
The surface is covered by a network of 
fibers which are smaller than the fibers of 
the endosome and form smaller meshes. This 
is quite typical of Callyspongia. There is 
some ground for regarding the Hawaiian spe- 
cimens as representing a new species, because 
unlike any other Callyspongia there is no 
coarser dermal net to include the finer one 
in its meshes; this is offset by the fact that 
there is such a net just below the surface. The 
endosome is a typical callyspongoid fibro- 
reticulation. 
Fig. 6. Callyspongia diffusa, bit of the endo- 
skeleton, X 320, showing spicules (oxeas) in 
spongin fibers. From a camera lucida drawing. 
The dermal fibers are 10 to 15 g in diam- 
eter, contain a single row of spicules, and 
form meshes that are 60 to 100 g in diam- 
eter, usually about 75 g. The protoplasmic 
dermis is in this same plane. The endosomal 
fibers are 25 to 35 g in diameter in the 
13 
Kaneohe specimen, about 40 g in diameter 
in the one from Waialua Bay. In the latter 
there are several rows of spicules in some 
ascending fibers; in the Kaneohe specimen 
ail the fibers have only the uniserial core of 
spicules. The endosomal meshes are 50 to 
500 g, often about 200 g, in diameter, 
more or less rectangular. The spicules arc 
oxeas, rather hastate; typical sizes are 4 by 
100, 5 by 90, 6 by 75 g. In one specimen 
I found one toxa 25 g long. This is prob 
ably accidental, but is thought provoking in 
view of the similar color and shape of 
Toxadocia (p. 16) which has many toxas. 
Toxadocia, however, has a different sort of 
ectosome from Callyspongia. 
Many species of Callyspongia are tubular 
in shape, with thin walls around the central 
hollow, which has a large distal opening. The 
type of the genus, C. fallax, is solid cylindri- 
cal, however. The species diffusa is perhaps 
best characterized by its relatively thick spic- 
ules. It was first described as Cladochalina 
diffusa by Ridley (1884: 183) from the 
Indian Ocean. It was subsequently recorded 
as Cladochalina elegans by Lendenfeld 
(1887: 770) from South Australia, as Cha- 
lina pulvinatus by Lindgren (1897: 481) 
from the Malay region, as Ceraochalina reti- 
armata by Bendy (1905: 152) from India. 
It is discussed, with synonymy, by Burton 
(1934: 541). 
Damiriana new genus 
This genus is erected in the family Phor- 
basidae with the following species, Damiriana 
hawaiiana, as genotype. It should be empha- 
sized that this is a genus with a special dermal 
skeleton of tylotes over an endosomal skele- 
ton of oxeas, with arcuate chelas among the 
microscleres. 
Within this family the genus Damiriella 
seems fairly close to Damiriana ; all the other 
genera are widely different. None of the 
others has dermal tylotes, although such spic- 
ulation is common in the family Myxillidae. 
